Sudani: Ibitero by’indege by’ingabo za leta bimaze guhitana abasivili 1,700 – Raporo

Amabombe y’ingabo za Sudani zirwanira mu kirere yahitanye nibura abasivili 1,700 mu bitero byagabwe ku ngo z’abaturage, amasoko, amashuri no mu nkambi z’impunzi z’imbere mu gihugu, nk’uko raporo y’iperereza ku bitero by’indege mu gihe cy’intambara y’abaturage muri Sudani ibigaragaza.

Itsinda ry’impuguke rikurikirana ibyaha n’ibitero muri Sudani mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (Sudan Witness Project) rivuga ko ryakoze urutonde runini kurusha izindi ntonde zizwi z’ibitero by’indege muri iyi ntambara yatangiye muri Mata 2023. Amakuru ryatanze agaragaza ko igisirikare cya Sudani cyakoresheje amabombe nta mabwiriza yatanzwe mu bice bituwe.

Ibyegeranyo byibanze ku bitero by’indege za gisirikare byagabwe n’igisirikare cya Sudani (SAF) gusa, kuko umutwe w’ingabo wa Rapid Support Forces (RSF) bo nta ndege bagira. RSF ikoresha indege zitagira abapilote, ariko zo ntizashyizwe mu bushakashatsi.

RSF yamaganwe n’amahanga kubera ubwicanyi ndengakamere bivugwa ko bukorerwa mu Ntara ya Darfur, ndetse Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ikanashinja RSF icyaha cya jenoside.

Mark Snoeck uyobora iri tsinda ry’impuguke agira ati: “RSF iri gushyirwa mu majwi ku guhohotera abantuut kandi birakwiye, ariko na SAF igomba kubiryozwa”.

SAF na yo yamaganwe n’amahanga kubera ibitero by’indege bitagira aho bishingiye, byibasira abaturage.

SAF nta cyo yigeze itangariza BBC ubwo yasabwaga kugira icyo ivuga ku byaha ishinjwa, ariko yahakanye ko igaba ibitero ku baturage, ivuga ko byose ibitero ibigaba ku birindiro bya RSF kugira ngo baburizemo ibikorwa bya yo.

Sudan Witness, ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu, uterwa inkunga n’Ubwongereza, wavumbuye ko hagabwe ibitero by’indege 384 hagati ya Mata 2023 na Nyakanga 2025. Bivugwa ko abaturage barenga 1,700 bishwe, 1,120 bagakomereka, ariko ngo iyi ni imibare ni mike.

Bagaragaje kandi ko hagabwe ibitero 135 byibasiye ahantu h’imiturire, hagasenywa inzu n’ibikorwaremezo. Ibitero 35 byagabwe ku masoko n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byari birimo abantu benshi. Ibitero 19 byibasiye amavuriro, amashuri n’inkambi z’impunzi.

Sudan Witness, ivuga ko ubushakashatsi butuzuye kubera ikibazo cy’itumanaho mu bice by’intambara, n’ingorane zo kutamenya neza inkomoko y’amakuru. Ariko ivuga ko hakoreshejwe uburyo bukomeye bwo guhuzwa n’amashusho, ibimenyetso byo ku butaka n’ibyogajuru, hashushanyijwe ikarita yerekana uburemere n’ingaruka ku baturage.

Mark Snoeck avuga ko ibyagaragaye byinshi ari ibitero byagabwe ku ngo z’abaturage, amasoko, n’ibigo by’ubutabazi, bigaragaza ko SAF ititaye ku gukumira impfu z’abasivili.

Justin Lynch wo mu itsinda ry’impuguke rishakashaka uburyo intambara ikorwa, aho intwaro zituruka, uko zikoreshwa, n’uburyo ibyo byose bigira ingaruka ku baturage (Conflict Insights Group) avuga ko iyi ntambara ari intambara ikorerwa abasivili, kuko intwaro ziremereye n’ibitero by’indege bikunda kwibasira abaturage kurusha abasirikare.

Sudan Witness isuzuma ubunyangamugayo bw’itangazwa ry’igitero hashingiwe ku makuru rusange agaragara ku mashusho ashyirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, n’ibyogajuru. Hari bimwe mu bitero byemejwe n’ibimenyetso by’amabombe ataraturika, imyobo ya yo n’ibyuma by’ibisigazwa ku mabombe yaturitse.

Ifoto yafashwe igaragaza ikibombe kitaturitse

Mu gitero kimwe, babonye bombe igwa mu nkambi ya Zamzam muri Darfur, imeze nka SH-250, ikorerwa muri Sudan.

Snoeck yagize ati: “Ni ukubaza impamvu umuntu yarekurira bombe nk’iyi mu nkambi y’impunzi imbere mu gihugu, kandi icyo gihe ahantu hatari mu maboko ya RSF.”

Mu kindi gitero, amashusho yagaragaje indege imanura amabombe menshi, abantu barahungabana. Byahitanye abantu 30; 100 barakomereka mu isoko rya Hamrat al-Sheikh muri Kordofan y’Amajyaruguru.

Ibitero byinshi byavuzwe ko bikozwe na SAF byabereye cyane muri Darfur, harimo icya Kanama 2024 cyagabwe ku bitaro bya el-Daein, aho WHO na UNICEF byatangaje ko abantu 16, barimo abana 3 n’umuganga umwe, bahasize ubuzima.

Nubwo Umujyi wa Nyala uri mu maboko ya RSF, SAF ivuga ko ihashakisha intwaro ziva hanze. Urubuga n’itsinda ry’impuguke rikurikirana intambara yo muri Sudani buri munsi, rikerekana uko imirwano igenda, ahakorewe ibitero n’ababigizemo uruhare (Sudan War Monitor) bavuga ko SAF idafite intwaro zihanitse zagusha ku ntego mu mujyi wuzuye abaturage.

Sudan Witness yemeje ko mu Gushyingo 2024 igitero cyo mu isoko rya al-Kuma cyahitanye abantu 65, abandi 200 bagakomereka. Ibyo byemejwe n’amashusho n’ibyogajuru.

Ibitero byagabwe ku masoko byahitanye abantu benshi

Umuyobozi wo mu gace ka al-Kuma yabwiye Dabanga ati: “Nta gisirikare cy’igihugu cyabona ibisubizo byo kurinda igihugu igihe kiri kugaba ibitero ku baturage bacyo.”

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umujyi wagabweho ibitero birenga 30 kuva intambara yatangira.

Sudan Witness ivuga ko hashize amezi hagaragara kongera gukoresha indege zitagira abapilote ku mpande zombi, mu kwihimura no kwibasira abaturage bakekwaho gushyigikira ukurwanya mugenzi wa bo.

Al-Kuma ituwe ahanini n’itsinda rya Ziyadiya, rimwe mu matsinda y’Abarabu akunze gufatwa nk’umutima wa RSF. Mu gihe kimwe, RSF yagabye ibitero by’indege zitagira abapilote n’iby’igisirikare ku mujyi wa el-Fasher, harimo n’icyahekuye ikigo cy’impunzi.

Lynch avuga ko impande zombi zikoresha indege zitagira abapilote n’ibitero byo mu kirere mu buryo butagamije gusa ibirindiro bya gisirikare, ahubwo bigamije gutera ubwoba abaturage—ibyo bikaba ibyaha by’intambara.

Impande zombi mu ntambara ya Sudani zashinjwe ibyaha by’intambara. Mu cyumweru gishize, RSF n’itsinda rya Sudan Liberation Movement-North bashinjwe indege zitagira abapilote zagabye ibitero ku rugo rw’abana n’ivuriro i Kalogi muri Kordofan y’Amajyepfo, byica abantu 114 barimo abana 63.

Lynch asoza avuga ko n’ubwo abaturage bari ku munzani w’iyi ntambara, nta ruhande na rumwe ruri gutsinda mu ntambara yo mu kirere.