Gucura imbyaro bifitanye isano no kwibagirwa

Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakorewe mu Bwongereza bwerekanye ko igihe abagore bacura (menopause) kigendana n’impinduka zigaragara mu bwonko, zisa n’iziboneka ku bantu barwaye indwara yo kwibagirwa izwi nk’Alzheimer.

Abahanga mu by’ubwonko bavuga ko muri icyo gihe hagabanuka igice cy’ubwonko kizwi nka grey matter, gifite uruhare runini mu kwibuka no mu kugenzura amarangamutima. Ibi bishobora gusobanura impamvu abagore bakunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo kwibagirwa no kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza kurusha abagabo uko imyaka igenda yiyongera.

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bishingiye ku makuru yakusanyijwe ku bagore bagera hafi ku 125,000, barimo abarenga 11,000 bakozweho isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ubwonko hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya MRI. Ibyo byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi Psychological Medicine.

Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye ko abagore bakoresheje imiti isimbura imisemburo (Hormone Replacement Therapy – HRT) bagaragaje igabanuka ryihariye rya grey matter.

Prof. Barbara Sahakian, umwe mu bayoboye ubu bushakashatsi akaba akorera muri Kaminuza ya Cambridge, yasobanuye ko ibice by’ubwonko byagaragajemo izo mpinduka ari bimwe mu bikunze kwibasirwa n’indwara ya Alzheimer. Yagize ati:
“Ihinduka ry’imisemburo ribaho mu gihe cyo gucura rishobora kongera ibyago by’uko abagore bazahura n’iyi ndwara mu gihe kizaza. N’ubwo atari yo mpamvu yonyine, bifasha gusobanukirwa impamvu abagore barwara ‘dementia’ hafi inshuro ebyiri ugereranyije n’abagabo”.

Impinduka zagaragaye cyane mu bice by’ubwonko bikurikira:

• Hippocampus, igira uruhare rukomeye mu kwiga no mu kwibuka
• Entorhinal cortex, ifasha kubika no gutunganya amakuru yo kwibuka ndetse no kuyobora umuntu mu kumenya aho ari
• Anterior cingulate cortex, ifasha mu kwita ku bintu no mu kugenzura amarangamutima

Abashakashatsi basobanuye kandi itandukaniro riri hagati ya grey matter na white matter, ibice by’ingenzi bigize ubwonko n’imyakura y’umugongo. Grey matter igizwe n’utunyangingo tw’ubwonko n’amashami yatwo atuma dutekereza, twibuka kandi tukagira amarangamutima, mu gihe white matter igizwe n’imyakura ihuza ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko, ikoroshya ihererekanya ry’ubutumwa.

Ikigo cy’Ubuzima cya Leta y’Ubwongereza (NHS) kivuga ko ubuvuzi bwa HRT bushobora gutekerezwaho ku bagore bagira ibibazo bikomeye mu gihe cyo gucura, birimo kubura ibitotsi no kugira ubushyuhe bukabije mu mubiri. Gusa abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko hakiri ubushakashatsi buke ku ngaruka z’igihe cyo gucura n’ikoreshwa rya HRT ku bwonko, ku kwibuka no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe muri rusange.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwanagaragaje ko abagore bakoresha HRT bakunze kugaragaza ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ariko benshi muri bo basanganywe izo ngorane na mbere yo gutangira kuyikoresha.

Dr Christelle Langley, umwe mu bakoze ubu bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ari ngombwa kwemera ko igihe cyo gucura kizana impinduka n’ingorane zitandukanye ku bagore. Yagize ati: “Dukwiye kwita ku buzima bw’abagore muri iki gihe cy’ingenzi cy’ubuzima bwabo, haba ku mubiri no ku mutwe. Nta mpamvu yo kugira ipfunwe ryo kuvuga ibibazo uri kunyuramo no gusaba ubufasha”.

Michelle Dyson wo mu muryango Alzheimer’s Society yavuze ko mu Bwongereza abagore hafi babiri kuri batatu bageze mu myaka yo hejuru barwara Alzheimer. Yavuze ko n’ubwo impamvu nyayo itaramenyekana neza, imisemburo ishobora kuba ifite uruhare rukomeye muri iki kibazo.

Yongeyeho ko n’ubwo ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje impinduka zifatika mu bwonko mu gihe cyo gucura, butakurikiranye abitabiriye igihe kirekire ngo harebwe niba izo mpinduka zarakurikiwe no kurwara ‘dementia’. Bityo, haracyakenewe ubushakashatsi bwisumbuyeho.

Yasobanuye kandi ko kwitabira imyitozo ngororamubiri, kwirinda itabi no kugabanya kunywa inzoga bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo guta ubwenge.