Ese koko abagore ni bo bagira impuhwe cyane kurusha abagabo?

Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi buri kugenda buhindura imyumvire ya kera yafataga impuhwe nk’umuco wihariwe n’igitsina runaka, bukanafungura inzira nshya yo gusobanukirwa icyo kuba umugabo bisobanura muri iki gihe.

Kuva kera, hari imvugo zagaragazaga ko ibikorwa bikomeye cyangwa ubuyobozi bwiza byafatwaga nk’iby’abagabo gusa. Mu 1705, umufilozofe Mary Astell yigeze kwandika ko iyo umugore yakoze igikorwa gikomeye, abantu bavugaga ko “ari umugabo wambaye ijipo.”

Ndetse n’Elizabeth I yigeze kuvuga ko azategeka nk’umwami, nubwo afite “umubiri w’umugore woroshye,” bigaragaza ko gutegeka byafatwaga nk’ibiranga abagabo.

N’ubu, nubwo ibihe byahindutse, hari imyumvire igikomeza guhuza impuhwe n’abagore, naho gukomera no kuyobora bikagirwa iby’abagabo. Iyo umugabo n’umugore bitwaye kimwe, umugabo ashobora kwitwa ko ari umuntu wihagazeho, mu gihe umugore ashobora kwitwa umunyamahane.

Ese impuhwe ni iz’abagore kurusha abagabo?

Impuhwe ni ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo n’amarangamutima by’undi no kwishyira mu mwanya we. Hari impuhwe zishingiye ku bitekerezo (cognitive empathy) no ku marangamutima (emotional empathy).

Nk’uko tubikesha BBC, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko abagore bakunze kubona amanota menshi mu bipimo bipima impuhwe.

Urugero ni ibyavuzwe na Simon Baron-Cohen wo muri Kaminuza ya Cambridge, wavuze ko ubwonko bw’umugore bushobora kuba bwarateguriwe cyane impuhwe kuva akivuka, mu gihe ubw’umugabo bwo bwibanda ku gusobanukirwa no kubaka sisitemu.

Ariko indi mibare yerekanye ko itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina rishobora guterwa n’uko abantu babitozwa n’uko babitezeho. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, abagabo babanje kubwirwa ko na bo bashoboye kugaragaza impuhwe, itandukaniro hagati yabo n’abagore ryaragabanutse cyane cyangwa rirazimira. Ibi byerekana ko ibyitezwe n’imyumvire rusange bigira uruhare runini.

Umushakashatsi Gina Rippon agaragaza ko abagore bashobora kugaragaza impuhwe nyinshi iyo bazi ko ari cyo barimo gupimwaho, kuko ari umuco wemewe kandi ushimwa kuri bo. Na Sara Hodges wo muri Kaminuza ya Oregon avuga ko impuhwe atari impano kavukire idahinduka, ahubwo ari ubushobozi bushobora kwigwa no gutezwa imbere bitewe n’inyungu n’ubushake.

Iyo abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bahawe ibihembo by’amafaranga kugira ngo bagerageze kumenya neza amarangamutima y’abandi, abagabo n’abagore bose babigeragaho neza kurushaho. Ibi byerekana ko impuhwe ari ubumenyi bushobora gutozwa no kongerwa.

Ingaruka z’imyumvire ishingiye ku gitsina

Guhuza impuhwe n’abagore gusa bigira ingaruka ku muryango no ku kazi. Mu buyobozi, abantu benshi bagifata umuyobozi nk’ukwiye kugaragaza imbaraga no gukomera — ibintu bifatwa nk’ibiranga abagabo. Ibi bituma abagore bashobora kutitabwaho nk’abafite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu bijyanye no kwigunga, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abagore bakunda gushaka inkunga mu nshuti n’umuryango kurusha abagabo. Kwigunga gukabije bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, kandi imibare igaragaza ko abagabo ari bo benshi bapfa biyahuye kurusha abagore. Ibi bigaragaza ko kubuza abagabo kugaragaza amarangamutima no gusaba ubufasha bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka mbi.

Guhindura imyumvire ku “kuba umugabo”

Umuhanga mu mibereho y’abantu Niall Hanlon wo muri Technological University Dublin asobanura ko abahungu batozwa kenshi kudafata kwita ku bandi nk’inzira ijyanye no kuba umugabo. Ariko ibi biragenda bihinduka.

Muri iki gihe, abagabo benshi barimo kumara igihe kinini bari kumwe n’abana babo no kwitabira inshingano zo mu muryango kurusha mbere. Iyi mpinduka ishobora gufasha kubaka imyumvire mishya y’ubugabo ishingiye ku magirirane meza, ku kwita ku bandi no ku mpuhwe, aho kwibanda gusa ku gukomera no kwigenga.

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko iyi nzira nshya ifitiye akamaro buri wese — abagabo, abagore n’abana. Impuhwe rero si iz’igitsina runaka; ni ubushobozi bwa muntu bushobora kwigwa, gutezwa imbere no gukoreshwa mu kubaka sosiyete irushaho kugira ubumwe n’ubwuzuzanye.