Amakuru yako kanya

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rwataye muri yombi Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bw’Ibiribwa n’Imiti (Rwanda FDA), Prof. Emile Bienvenu, hamwe n’abandi bayobozi bakekwaho ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ikorwa ry’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge.

Abafashwe beretswe itangazamakuru kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 13 Kanama 2026, ku cyicaro gikuru cya RIB. Barimo abandi bakozi icyenda ba Rwanda FDA, batatu bo mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge (RSB) n’abayobozi batanu bo mu nzego z’ibanze.

Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr Murangira B. Thierry, yavuze ko aba bayobozi bakurikiranyweho gukoresha ububasha bahabwa n’amategeko mu nyungu za bo bwite, no kuba ibyitso mu guha abantu ibintu bishobora kwica cyangwa gushegesha ubuzima.

RIB yatangaje ko iperereza ryakozwe nyuma y’ingaruka zikomeye zatewe n’inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge ryagaragaje ko hari abayobozi bashobora kuba batarakoze inshingano za bo uko bikwiye cyangwa bagatanga uburenganzira ku bikorwa byashyiraga ubuzima bw’abaturage mu kaga.

Kugeza ubu, abantu 104 bamaze gutabwa muri yombi muri gahunda yo kurwanya ikorwa n’icuruzwa ry’izi nzoga, mu gihe amadosiye 97 yamaze gushyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha.

Iki gikorwa kibaye nyuma y’uko Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, atangaje ko mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2026 abantu barenga 500 bagejejwe kwa muganga kubera kunywa inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge. Abasaga 50 barapfuye, naho abarenga 100 bahuma burundu. Hari n’abagize ibibazo birimo kwangirika k’ubwonko n’umwijima.

Polisi y’u Rwanda ivuga ko ibikorwa byo guca izi nzoga byatangiye gutanga umusaruro, kuko ibyaha byo gukubita no gukomeretsa byagabanutse hafi 50% mu byumweru bibiri.

Prof. Bienvenu n’abandi bafashwe baracyakekwaho ibyaha; bazakomeza gufatwa nk’abere kugeza urukiko rubahamije ibyaha.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) ryaburiye ko icyorezo cya Ebola gikomeje gukwirakwira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) gishobora kuzaba gikomeye kurusha ibindi byose byigeze kubaho ku isi, mu gihe umuvuduko wacyo udahagaze.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa OMS, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, yavuze ko umubare w’abandura ukomeje kuzamuka ku buryo bushobora gutuma iki cyorezo kirenza icyibasiye Afurika y’Iburengerazuba hagati ya 2014 na 2016, kigahitana abantu barenga 11,000. Kugeza ubu, abarenga 4,300 bamaze kwandura muri RDC, naho abasaga 2,000 barapfuye.

Nubwo icyorezo cyatangajwe muri Gicurasi 2026, isesengura ry’imiterere y’uruhererekane rwa virusi ryerekanye ko ishobora kuba yaratangiye gukwirakwira hagati muri Gashyantare. OMS ivuga ko ubu haboneka abarwayi bashya bari hagati ya 75 na 80 ku munsi, bigatuma kiba icyorezo cya Ebola cya kabiri kinini mu mateka kandi gikura vuba kurusha ibyakibanjirije.

Cyatewe na virusi ya Ebola yo mu bwoko bwa Bundibugyo, yari yaragaragaye gusa muri Uganda mu 2007 no muri RDC mu 2012. Nta rukingo cyangwa umuti byemewe by’umwihariko kuri ubu bwoko biraboneka. Umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, imyigaragambyo y’abakozi bo kwa muganga n’ingorane zo gukurikirana abahuye n’abanduye bikomeje kudindiza ibikorwa by’ubutabazi. Abagera kuri 60% kugeza kuri 70% by’abahitanwa na yo bapfira mu ngo, bikongera ibyago byo kwanduza ababitaho.

Icyakora, icyizere kiragenda kiza. Kaminuza ya Oxford yatangiye igerageza rya mbere ku bantu ry’urukingo rwa ChAdOx1 BDBV, rwakozwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe mu rukingo rwa Oxford-AstraZeneca rwa COVID-19. Hamaze no gukorwa doze zigera ku 620,000 zishobora kuzifashishwa mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yanenze ku mugaragaro Israel, nyuma y’uko Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa Israel, Katz, atangaje ko ingabo z’iki gihugu zititeguye kuva mu majyepfo ya Libani.

Mu ruzinduko yagiriye muri ako gace, Katz yavuze ko ingabo za Israel zizaguma mu cyo yise “akarere k’umutekano” kugira ngo zirinde abaturage bo mu majyaruguru ya Israel ndetse n’abasirikare ba yo. Yongeyeho ko yategetse igisirikare kwitegura kuhaguma igihe kirekire no gukomeza gusenya inyubako Israel ivuga ko zishobora kwifashishwa na Hezbollah.

Aya magambo ntiyakiriwe neza na Washington. Umukozi wa Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Amerika yavuze ko impande zose zigomba kubahiriza amasezerano zumvikanyeho, yibutsa ko Israel yari yaratangaje ko idafite umugambi wo kwigarurira ubutaka bwa Libani. Amerika kandi yashimangiye ko ishyigikiye ubusugire n’ubusugire bw’ubutaka bwa Libani.

Amasezerano yagezweho ku buhuza bw’Amerika ateganya ko Israel ikura ingabo za yo buhoro buhoro mu gice kigera ku bilometero 10 mu majyepfo ya Libani. Biteganyijwe ko uko izo ngabo zihava, iza Libani zigenda zihafata no kwambura Hezbollah intwaro. Hari kandi ibiganiro byo gushyiraho itsinda mpuzamahanga ryagenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mugambi.

Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Libani, Nawaf Salam, yamaganye isenywa ry’amazu n’ibindi bikorwa by’ingabo za Israel, avuga ko binyuranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga. Yashimangiye ko igihugu cye kitazemera ko Israel ikomeza kugira ibirindiro ku butaka bwa Libani.

Iyi mvugo ya Katz ije mu gihe Israel yitegura amatora, aho ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeje gukoreshwa cyane mu mpaka za politiki.

Ukraine yagabye igitero gikomeye ku cyambu cya Novorossiysk, giherereye ku Nyanja y’Umukara mu Burusiya, ikoresheje misile, indege zitagira abapilote n’izindi drones zigendera mu mazi. Icyo gitero cyangije ibirindiro by’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi n’ibikorwa remezo byifashishwa mu kohereza ibinyampeke mu mahanga.

Abategetsi bo mu karere ka Krasnodar batangaje ko abantu batatu, barimo umwana w’imyaka umunani, bahitanywe n’icyo gitero, naho abandi 24 barakomereka. Inzu zirenga 20, ibigo by’amashuri n’inganda na byo byangiritse, bituma ubuyobozi bwa Novorossiysk bushyiraho ibihe bidasanzwe.

Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, yavuze ko icyo yise “igikorwa kidasanzwe” cyibasiye ibirindiro by’amato y’Uburusiya, uburyo bwo kwirinda ibitero byo mu kirere n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byo ku cyambu. Igisirikare cya Ukraine cyemeje ko cyangije amato ane y’intambara, arimo amato abiri yo mu bwoko bwa frigate. Ibyo ariko ntibyahise byemezwa n’Uburusiya cyangwa ngo bigenzurwe n’urwego rwigenga.

Novorossiysk ni kimwe mu byambu by’ingenzi Uburusiya bukoresha mu kohereza ingano ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Nyuma y’igitero, ibigo bibiri bikomeye byohereza ibinyampeke byahagaritse ibikorwa kubera ibyangiritse. Amakuru y’iki gitero yanatumye ibiciro by’ingano ku isoko rya Chicago bizamuka hafi 3%, kubera impungenge z’uko ubucuruzi bwo ku Nyanja y’Umukara bushobora guhungabana.

U Burusiya na bwo bwagabye ibitero kuri Ukraine, byahitanye nibura abasivili 11, benshi muri bo baguye i Zaporizhzhia. Impande zombi zikomeje kwibasira ibyambu n’inzira z’ubucuruzi, bikongera impungenge ku mutekano w’ibiribwa ku isi, kuko u Burusiya na Ukraine biri mu bihugu byohereza ingano nyinshi mu mahanga.

Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB) rwatangaje ko abana b’ingagi 22 ari bo bazahabwa amazina mu muhango ngarukamwaka wa Kwita Izina, uteganyijwe ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 4 Nzeri 2026.

Uyu muhango uzaba ku nshuro ya 21, ubera mu Kinigi mu Karere ka Musanze, hafi ya Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga. Biteganyijwe ko uzitabirwa n’abayobozi, abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, ibyamamare, abafatanyabikorwa b’u Rwanda n’abaturage baturiye pariki.

Kwita Izina ni igikorwa cyatangijwe ku rwego rw’igihugu mu 2005, gishingiye ku muco nyarwanda wo guha izina umwana wavukiye mu muryango. Amazina ahabwa abana b’ingagi afasha abashakashatsi n’abarinzi ba pariki kubakurikirana, kumenya imikurire yabo ndetse n’imiryango babarizwamo.

Uyu muhango kandi ukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uruhare rw’abaturage, abarinzi ba pariki, abaganga b’inyamaswa n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu kurengera ingagi zo mu misozi. Mu 2025, abana b’ingagi 40 ni bo bahawe amazina mu muhango wabaye ku nshuro ya 20.

Kwita Izina kunafite uruhare mu kumenyekanisha ubukerarugendo bw’u Rwanda ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Imibare ya RDB igaragaza ko mu 2025 uru rwego rwinjije miliyoni 685 z’amadolari, zivuye kuri miliyoni 647 z’amadolari mu 2024. Muri uwo mwaka, u Rwanda rwakiriye ba mukerarugendo miliyoni 1,49, biyongereyeho 9% ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje. Ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku gusura ingagi n’ibindi byiza biboneka muri pariki z’igihugu buri mu byagize uruhare muri iri terambere.

Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Donald Trump, yatangaje ko FIFA yaba ikoze “ikosa rikomeye” iramutse ikuye Gianni Infantino ku buyobozi bwa yo kubera igitutu akomeje gushyirwaho.

Ibi Trump yabivuze nyuma y’uko impuzamashyirahamwe z’umupira w’amaguru zirimo UEFA yo mu Burayi, CONCACAF yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika yo Hagati na Karayibe, ndetse na AFC yo muri Aziya, zishinje Infantino gutakaza icyizere kubera uburyo yakurikiranye umushinga wa FIFA Forward Enterprise (FFE).

Uyu mushinga wari ugamije gushinga ikigo gishya cyari guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gucuruza amatike no gucunga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bijyanye n’amarushanwa ya FIFA, harimo n’Igikombe cy’Isi. Byari biteganyijwe ko imigabane 21% y’icyo kigo igurishwa ku bashoramari bigenga, ariko gahunda iza guhagarikwa.

Mu butumwa yanyujije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, Trump yashimye Infantino, amwita umuyobozi udasanzwe wagize uruhare mu gutegura Igikombe cy’Isi cya 2026 cyabereye muri Amerika, Canada na Mexique.

Yagize ati: “FIFA yaba ikoze ikosa rikomeye cyane iramutse itekereje gusimbuza Perezida Gianni Infantino. Ni umuyobozi ukomeye kandi aramutse avuyeho, amarushanwa ntiyakomeza kugenda neza cyangwa ngo atange inyungu nk’uko bisanzwe.”

Trump na Infantino basanzwe bafitanye umubano wa hafi. Mu Kuboza 2025, Infantino yahaye Trump igihembo cya mbere cya FIFA cyitiriwe amahoro, kizwi nka “FIFA Peace Prize.”

Ikigo Thrive Eternal ni cyo cyari giteganyijwe kuyobora itsinda ry’abashoramari bifuzaga gushyira amafaranga muri FFE. Thrive yashinzwe na Joshua Kushner, umuvandimwe wa Jared Kushner, umukwe wa Trump.

Abantu bagera ku 132 bahitanywe n’umutingito ukomeye wabaye mu burengerazuba bwa Colombia, mu gihe ibikorwa byo gushakisha no gutabara abagwiriwe n’inyubako bikomeje.

Uyu mutingito wari ufite ubukana bwa 7.4 watangiriye mu Ntara ya Chocó, hagati y’imijyi ya Medellín na Cali.

Abashinzwe ubutabazi bavuga ko umubare w’abapfuye ushobora kwiyongera kuko hari abantu bakekwa ko bakiri munsi y’ibisigazwa by’amazu. Intara ya Risaralda, izwi cyane mu buhinzi bwa kawa, ni yo yibasiwe bikomeye, cyane cyane mu murwa mukuru wa yo Pereira, aho inyubako nyinshi zasenyutse.

Umutingito wanumvikanye i Bogotá no mu bihugu bituranye birimo Venezuela, Ecuador na Panama. Perezida Abelardo de la Espriella, wari umaze igihe gito arahiriye kuyobora igihugu, yahise atangaza ibihe bidasanzwe kugira ngo ibikorwa by’ubutabazi byihutishwe.

Ibi byabaye mu mukino w’Igikombe cy’Isi cya 2026 wahuje Colombia n’u Busuwisi wabereye i Vancouver.

Perezida wa FIFA Gianni Infantino yafashe iri bendera rya Misiri nyuma yo kunengwa bikomeye no gushinjwa kubogama.

Ibyo byashibutse ku myanzuro n’imisifurire itavugwaho rumwe mu mukino wa 1/8 cy’irangiza, Argentine yatsinzemo Misiri ibitego 3-2 mu buryo butaravuzweho rumwe n’abafana ndetse n’abakurikira umupira w’amaguru.

Kugaragara afite iri bendera byafashwe na benshi nk’uburyo bwo kugerageza gucururutsa umurego w’abayandagaje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga (damage control) no kwerekana ko nta kubogama kurangwa muri FIFA.

Nyuma yo kwitabira ibiganiro by’inama yiga ku guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano (AIforGood Global Summit 2026), i Geneve Perezida Kagame yahuye na mugenzi we wa Estonia, Alar Karis, bagirana ibiganiro bigamije guteza imbere u Rwanda.

Perezida Kagame na Alar Karis, baganiriye ku ngingo zo gushimangira umubano w’ibihugu byombi mu nzego zungura buri ruhande, zirimo guhanga ibishya hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere imiyoborere yimakaza ikoranabuhanga.

Umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru ukomoka muri Zimbabwe, Divine Lunga, yarokotse igitero cy’amasasu yagabwe ku modoka ye mu Mujyi wa Johannesburg muri Afurika y’Epfo. Polisi yavuze ko uwo mukinnyi w’imyaka 31 yarashwe n’umuntu utaramenyekana ubwo yari mu gace ka Hillbrow, ariko akaba ataragize imvune.

Lunga, ukinira ikipe y’igihugu ya Zimbabwe ndetse n’ikipe ikomeye y’Afurika y’Epfo ya Mamelodi Sundowns, yari kumwe na murumuna we ubwo bagabwagaho igitero, aho bivugwa ko bari bagiye mu masengesho. Polisi yatangiye iperereza ku cyaha cyo gushaka kwica umuntu, ariko kugeza ubu nta ukekwa wari wamara gutabwa muri yombi. Ibi bibaye mu gihe Afurika y’Epfo ikomeje guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubwicanyi bukomeje gutera impungenge.

Umuraperi Drake ni umwe mu bafana bari baje kureba umukino Portugal yatsinzemo Croatia 2:1 mu mukino yo gukuranwamo mu gikombe cy’Isi 2026 wabereye Toronto muri Canada.

Mu butumwa Cristiano Ronaldo yashyize kuri Instagram story yifashishije ifoto bari kumwe yandika amushimira ku kuba barabakiriye neza mu gihugu cyabo ati:”Mwakoze ku twakira mu Gihugu cyanyu mu vandimwe.”

Portugal iracyakomeje imikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi aho umukino wa 1/8 izahuramo na Spain .

Vozinha w’imyaka 40 y’amavuko umunyezamu w’ikipe y’Igihugu ya Cabo Verde, yatangiye imikino y’igikombe cy’Isi cya 2026 afite abamukurikira batarenze 50,000 kuri Instagram.

Uyu mugabo asoje urugendo rwe mu gikombe cy’Isi afite abamukurikira barenga 20,400,000 nyuma yo kwitwara neza abantu bakamukunda na Instagram ikamufasha.

Yitwaye neza by’umwihariko mu mikino Cabo Verde yakinnyemo na Espanye ndetse na Argentine aho yakuyemo imipira myinshi yari yabazwemo ibitego.

Mbere y’iyi mikino Vozinha Dias yari yatangaje ko bazitwara neza Isi igasigarana izina ry’Igihugu cyabo mu ntekerezo batitaye ku kuba ari gito mu bunini.

Inteko Nkenguzamateka y’Amerika yemeje umwanzuro usaba Perezida Donald Trump guhagarika ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Iran cyangwa akabanza kubisabira uburenganzira Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. Uwo mwanzuro watowe n’Abasenateri 50 bawushyigikiye mu gihe 48 bawurwanyije, bamwe mu Barepubulikani bifatanya n’Abademokarate.

Nubwo uwo mwanzuro udafite imbaraga z’itegeko, ugaragaza impungenge z’abadepite n’abasenateri ku ntambara imaze amezi hafi atanu. Trump yawunenze avuga ko wafashwe mu gihe kidakwiye kandi ko ushobora kumugora mu kazi ke, ariko ashimangira ko azakomeza gukora ibyo ashinzwe.

Uworizagwira Florien uzwi nka Yampano yitabye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge aburana ubujurire ku ifungwa n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo, aho yasabye ko yakurikiranwa ari hanze.

Yampano akurikiranyweho ibyaha birimo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake, gukoresha ibikangisho, kwangiza ikintu cy’undi, kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ubwinjiracyaha ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi no gufunga umuntu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.

Urukiko ruracyasuzuma ubujurire bwe mbere y’uko umwanzuro wa rwo uzasomwa ku itariki ya 26 Kamena 2026.

Iran yatangaje ko itigeze yiyemeza kongera kwakira abagenzuzi b’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa bya nikleyeri (IAEA), ihakana ibyari byavuzwe na Visi Perezida wa Amerika, JD Vance, nyuma y’icyiciro cya mbere cy’ibiganiro byabereye mu Busuwisi hagati y’impande zombi. Vance yari yavuze ko ibiganiro byo gusubukura igenzura rya nikleyeri bishobora gutangira vuba, ariko Tehran ivuga ko nta masezerano mashya yabayeho kuri iyo ngingo.

Nubwo hari ukutavuga rumwe kuri icyo kibazo, Amerika yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho bimwe mu bihano yari yarafatiye Iran, biyemerera kongera kugurisha peteroli ikoresheje amadolari y’Amerika. Abahuza b’ibiganiro, ari bo Qatar na Pakistan, batangaje ko impande zombi zemeranyije ku murongo ngenderwaho ushobora kuvamo amasezerano ya nyuma mu minsi 60 iri imbere, mu gihe Amerika ivuga ko ibiganiro byatanze icyizere cyo kugabanya umwuka mubi no kuzahura umutekano mu karere.

Rutahizamu w’icyamamare Lionel Messi yongeye gushimangira ko ari umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye babayeho, nyuma yo kwandika amateka mashya mu mukino w’Igikombe cy’Isi wabaye uyu munsi. Uyu mukinnyi yarenze ku byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe, ashyiraho agahigo gashya mu byiciro bitandukanye by’iri rushanwa rikomeye ku isi.

Messi ubu ni we mukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mu mikino ya nyuma y’Igikombe cy’Isi aho afite ibitego 18, akaba kandi ari we wakinnye imikino myinshi y’iri rushanwa (28). Yanabaye uwa mbere mu gutsinda imikino myinshi (18 y’intsinzi), ndetse anafata umwanya wa mbere mu minota myinshi yakiniweho mu mateka y’Igikombe cy’Isi (iminota 2,489).

Abayobozi batandukanye ku Isi bakomeje gutanga ubutumwa nyuma y’uko Keir Starmer yeguye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’Ishyaka rya Labour.

Abatanze ubutumwa barimo Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, washimiye Starmer ku nkunga yahaye igihugu cye mu bihe bikomeye by’intambara, avuga ko yakomeje gukora ibikenewe kandi bikagira uruhare rufatika mu gufasha Ukraine.

Umujyanama mukuru wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ku bibazo by’Afurika n’Abarabu, Massad Boulos, yatangaje ko yagiranye ibiganiro byiza n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Turukiya, Hakan Fidan.

Yavuze ko baganiriye ku mahirwe yo gushimangira ituze n’umutekano mu karere, banarebera hamwe uburyo bwo kongerera imbaraga imikoranire myiza hagati y’ibihugu byombi ku ngingo zitandukanye.
Ibi biganiro bigaragaza gukomeza kwaguka k’ubufatanye hagati ya Washington na Ankara mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano mpuzamahanga.

Kuri uyu wa Mbere tariki 22 Kamena 2026, ibibuga bine by’indege byo mu murwa mukuru w’Uburusiya, Moscou, byafunzwe by’agateganyo mugitondo cya kare nyuma y’uko Uburusiya bwari buri mu mwuka w’ibitero bya drones nyinshi za Ukraine zigera hafi kuri 60. Ubuyobozi bw’umujyi buvuga ko izo drones zarashwe n’ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere, ariko zateje umutekano muke watumye ibikorwa by’indege bihagarikwa hagati y’amasaha ya saa kumi n’ebyiri za mugitondo. Nyuma y’amasaha make, ibyo bibuga byose byongeye gufungurwa.

Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha mu Rwanda (RIB) rwatangaje ko rwasubije ba nyira zo telefoni zigendanwa 140 zari zaribwe, zifite agaciro karenga miliyoni 40 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Ibi byabereye mu Karere ka Bugesera kuri uyu wa Gatanu, aho hanerekanwe abantu 10 bakekwaho ubujura bwa telefoni. Hanagaragajwe kandi abandi bakekwaho ibyaha bitandukanye birimo ubwicanyi bwaturutse ku makimbirane yo mu miryango ashingiye ku mitungo, gucana inyuma no kwihanira.