Wari uzi ko ubugimbi n’ubwangavu bugeza ku myaka 32? -Ubushakashatsi
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bushya yerekanye ko ubugimbi n’ubwangavu bushobora kugera ku myaka 32, kuko ubwonko bw’umuntu bugira impinduka nini enye z’ingenzi ku myaka 9, 32, 66 na 83.
Iyi raporo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature Communications kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 2025, ikaba ikubiyemo isesengura ryakozwe mu gucisha mu cyuma inshuro zigera ku 4,000, ubwonko bw’abantu batandukanye bafite imyaka kugeza kuri 90.
Abashakashatsi basanze ubwonko bugira ibihe bitanu by’ingenzi mu buzima:
- Ubwana: kuva avutse – imyaka 9
- Ubugimbi/ubwangavu: 9 – 32
- Ubukuru: 32 – 66
- Ubusaza: 66 – 83
- Ubusaza rukukuri: guhera kuri 83 gusubiza hejuru
Nk’uko ubu bushakashatsi bubigaragaza, impinduka z’ingenzi ku mikurire y’umuntu ziba mu myaka 9, 32, 66 na 83.
Dore iby’ingenzi wamenya kuri buri cyiciro:
Ubwana (0–9)
Ubwonko bukura vuba cyane, bigizwemo uruhare n’izamuka rya grey matter (igice cy’inyuma cy’ubwonko gifite ibara rimeze nk’iry’icyatsi kibisi cyijimye ari na cyo kigena imikorere y’ubwonko) hamwe na white matter (ni nk’insinga z’itumanaho, zituma amakuru agenda vuba hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko). Ni igihe cyegera itangira ryo gukora cyane kw’imisemburo, bigatera impinduka mu mibiri n’imitekerereze.
Ubugimbi n’ubwangavu (9–32)
Ubusanzwe bwafatwaga ko burangira mbere ya’imyaka 20, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu bihugu by’Uburengerazuba bugera ku myaka 32. Ni cyo cyiciro ubwonko bugira impinduka nyinshi, ni cyo gihe hatangira kubaho ukuguma hamwe k’ubwenge n’imico by’umuntu.
Ubukuru (32–66)
Ni igihe kinini cy’ubuzima ubwonko butanga umusaruro udahindagurika. Ubwenge n’imico biba bihagaze neza.
Ubusaza (66–83)
Cya gice cy’ubwonko kimeze nk’insinga z’itumanaho, zituma amakuru agenda vuba hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’ubwonko (White matter) giratangira kugabanuka. Uduce tw’ubwonko dutangira gukorana buhoro. Ni igihe indwara z’ubusaza nka dementia (indwara igenda yangiza ubwonko, ikaba yatuma umuntu agenda yibagirwa cyane, agatakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza neza, gufata imyanzuro, kwibuka abantu cyangwa ibintu, ndetse rimwe na rimwe agatakaza no kwitwara neza nk’uko yari asanzwe) zishobora gutangira.
Ubusaza rukukuri (83 gusubiza hejuru)
Hatangira kugaragara ibimenyetso byinshi by’uko imikoranire y’uduce tw’ubwonko igenda igabanuka.
Impamvu kumenya ibi ari ingenzi, ni uko uburyo bushya bwerekana ko ubugimbi n’ubwangavu butarangira vuba nk’uko byari bisanzwe bizwi, ahubwo umubiri n’ubwonko bikomeza gukura kugeza ku myaka 32.
Raporo zahozeho nk’iy’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima (WHO) zavugaga ko ubugimbi n’ubwangavu buba ku myaka 10–19, izindi zikageza icyo kigero mu myaka 20. Iyi nshya yerekana ko ubwonko bukomeza kugira intege kugeza hagati mu myaka ya 30.
Umushakashatsi Duncan Astle wo muri Cambridge yavuze ko ibi byerekana neza ibihe ubwonko buba bufite intege nke kurusha ibindi, bigafasha mu kubumenya no kuburinda neza muri ibyo bihe.
