Siyansi ivuga iki ku mugore watewe inda n’abagabo babiri?
Mu mwaka wa 2018, umugore yagiye muri laboratwari y’igenzura ry’irangamimerere muri Kaminuza Nkuru ya Colombia. Yari afite impanga z’abahungu yari yarabyaye imyaka ibiri mbere, ashaka kumenya se w’abo bana.
Laboratwari yakoze isuzuma risanzwe rya ADN, ariko ibisubizo byaratangaje cyane: byagaragaje ko abo bana bafite nyina umwe ariko ba se batandukanye. Ibi ni ibintu bidasanzwe cyane bizwi nka “heteropaternal superfecundation”.
Nk’uko inyandiko za siyansi zibivuga, abantu bagera kuri makumyabiri gusa ni bo bamaze kugaragara ku isi hose babyaye abana bameze batyo. Nubwo abahanga bari bazi ko bishoboka, abakozi b’iyo kaminuza ntibari barigeze bahura n’iki kibazo mu buryo bw’ukuri, ari na byo byatumye kibatera amatsiko menshi mu bushakashatsi.
Bigenda bite kugira ngo abana nk’aba bavuke?
Mu kumenya se wa buri mwana, abahanga bo muri laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi ya Kaminuza Nkuru ya Colombia bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryitwa “microsatellite markers”.
Ubusanzwe, basuzuma ibice bya ADN by’umwana, nyina n’uvugwa ko ari se, bakabigereranya.
Aganira na BBC dukesha iyi nkuru, Porofeseri William Usaquén, uyobora iyo laboratwari, yasobanuye ko bafata ADN bakareba hagati y’uduce 15 na 22 twitwa microsatellites, hanyuma bakabigereranya.
Ibi ntibikorerwa gusa kureba ADN uko iri. Nyuma yo gufata amaraso make, abahanga batandukanya ADN n’ibindi biyigize, hanyuma bakayongerera ingano bakoresheje uburyo bwihariye kugira ngo igaragare neza.
Nyuma, bayivanga n’ikintu gituma igaragara nk’utudomo (microsatellites), maze bakayinyuza mu mashini iyisoma ikanahindura ayo makuru imibare yifashishwa mu kuyisesengura. Ubu buryo bwitwa “electrophoresis”.
Iyo isesengura rirangiye, bareba niba igice kimwe cya ADN y’umwana gihuye n’iya nyina, ikindi gice kigahuza n’iy’uvugwa ko ari se. Iyo bimeze bityo, uwo mugabo yemezwa nk’umubyeyi.
Ibisubizo bitangaje
Ku mpanga zasuzumwe mu 2018, abahanga basesenguye utuce 17 twa ADN kuri nyina, abana bombi n’umugabo wari waje gupimwa.
Basanze ADN y’uwo mugabo ihura n’iy’umwe mu bana gusa, mu gihe undi mwana yari uw’undi mugabo. Ibi byari ibintu bitari bisanzwe na gato.
Ibi bibaho bite?
Porofeseri Usaquén yasobanuye ko ibi bibaho gake cyane, kandi bisaba ibintu byinshi byihariye:
- Umugore agomba kuryamana n’abagabo babiri,
- Ibyo bikaba mu gihe gito cyane,
- Hagomba kubaho intanga-ngabo ebyiri zitandukanye zigafata amagi atandukanye.
Mu bisanzwe, iyo igi rimwe rimaze gusama, andi ahita apfa, ari yo mpamvu ibi bidakunze kubaho.
Na none, intanga-ngabo ya kabiri igomba kuba ikiri nzima mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 kugeza kuri 36, ari na cyo gihe igi rishobora kuguma rizima nyuma yo kurekurwa.
Gusa hari n’igihe amagi atarekurwa icyarimwe. Rimwe rishobora kurekurwa, hanyuma nyuma y’iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu irindi rikarekurwa. Ibi bishobora gutuma intanga-ngabo zitandukanye zifata ayo magi mu bihe bitandukanye, bikabyara impanga zifite ba se batandukanye.
