Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umubare w’abageze mu zabukuru uragenda wiyongera cyane, ariko inyubako n’amacumbi bagenewe ntibirimo kwiyongera ku muvuduko ujyanye n’icyo cyifuzo. Ibi birimo guteza icyuho gikomeye hagati y’amacumbi ahari n’azaba akenewe mu myaka iri imbere.
Abantu ba mbere bo mu gisekuru kizwi nka Baby Boomers, abavutse mu 1946, batangiye kuzuza imyaka 80, mu gihe ibikorwa byo kubaka amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru biri ku rwego rwo hasi ugereranyije n’imyaka yashize.
Nk’uko amakuru dukesha newsweek abivuga, ikigo NIC MAP, gikurikirana amakuru n’imibare y’isoko ry’amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru, kivuga ko niba umuvuduko wo kubaka ukomeje uko uri ubu, Amerika izakenera amacumbi y’inyongera agera kuri 576,000 mu 2030, ndetse akarenza miliyoni imwe mu 2035.
Imibare igaragaza ko iki kibazo cyakomeje kwiyongera. Kuva mu 2021, umubare w’amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru yubakwaga wagabanutseho hafi 67%, uva ku macumbi arenga 30,000 ugera ku hafi 10,000 mu 2025.
Aya macumbi arimo ay’abantu bageze mu zabukuru bakibasha kwibeshaho, ay’abakeneye ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi, ndetse n’ayita ku bafite ibibazo byo kwibagirwa n’izindi serivisi z’ubufasha zijyanye n’izabukuru.
Scott Reese, washinze akaba n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Echo Assurance, avuga ko ikibazo atari ukubura abantu bakeneye aya macumbi, ahubwo ko ikibazo gikomeye kiri ku mafaranga n’ibiciro byo kubaka.
Ati: “Urwego ruri kubaka hafi kimwe cya cumi cy’ibyo tuzakenera muri iyi myaka icumi. Ntabwo ari ikibazo cy’icyifuzo; ni ikibazo cy’imari.”
Amacumbi asigaye yuzura vuba
Nubwo inyubako nshya ziri kubakwa ku muvuduko muto, izisanzweho ziri gukenerwa cyane.
Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’umwaka, igipimo cy’abatuye mu macumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru mu mazu 31 akomeye akurikiranwa na NIC MAP cyageze kuri 89.9%.
Mu mijyi imwe n’imwe, iki gipimo kiri hejuru kurushaho. I Boston cyageze kuri 93.3%, naho i San Francisco kigera kuri 92.7%.
Iyo harebwe amasoko y’ingenzi n’ayunganira yose hamwe, igipimo cy’abayatuyemo cyageze kuri 90.1%.
Ibi bivuze ko mu gihe abaturage bageze mu zabukuru bakomeje kwiyongera, umubare w’amacumbi mashya nturi kwiyongera ku muvuduko ukenewe.
Arick Morton, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NIC MAP, avuga ko ikibazo kidakwiye gusobanurwa gusa no kuvuga ko abashoramari badafite amafaranga.
Yagize ati: “Amafaranga arahari amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru ni yo rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’imitungo itimukanwa rwagize umusaruro mwiza kurusha ayandi mu mwaka ushize.”
Ariko avuga ko ikibazo kiri mu bindi bintu birimo izamuka ry’ibiciro, uburyo bwo kubona inguzanyo n’ubushobozi bwo kubaka.
Morton avuga ko uburyo imishinga y’aya macumbi itegurwa na bwo bwahindutse. Mu gihe cyashize, ubwishingizi bwashoboraga gutegurwa nyuma y’uko umushinga umaze gutegurwa, ariko ubu ibiciro n’ibibazo bishobora kuvuka bigomba kubarwa mbere yo gutangira kubaka.
Ati: “Uyu munsi, iyo utabanje kubarura ibyo bintu mbere yo gutangira kubaka, ushobora guhomba mbere y’uko umuntu wa mbere yimukira muri ayo macumbi.”
Icyifuzo gishobora kurenga 140,000 ku mwaka
NIC MAP ivuga ko icyuho gishobora kurushaho kwaguka mu myaka iri imbere.
Ikigo giteganya ko mu 2027, icyifuzo cy’amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru kizarenza 140,000ku mwaka, ndetse kigakomeza kuba hafi ya 100,000 ku mwaka mu gice kinini cy’imyaka izakurikiraho.
Ibi bitandukanye cyane n’umubare w’amacumbi atangira kubakwa buri mwaka, ubu uri hafi ya 10,000 gusa.
NIC MAP kandi ivuga ko kugira ngo Amerika ibashe gukomeza kugira umubare w’amacumbi y’abageze mu zabukuru uhagije kugeza mu 2050, hashobora gukenerwa ishoramari rirenga tiriyari imwe y’amadolari.
Nubwo umubare w’abageze mu zabukuru ukomeje kwiyongera, abasesenguzi bavuga ko atari ko buri wese muri bo azahita akenera kwimukira mu macumbi yabugenewe.
Anupam Nanda, umwarimu w’ubukungu bw’imijyi n’imitungo itimukanwa muri University of Manchester mu Bwongereza, avuga ko ibyifuzo by’abageze mu zabukuru bitandukanye.
Yagaragaje ko uburyo umuntu ukeneye serivisi z’ubuvuzi, ndetse n’uburyo azigeraho, haba ku buzima bw’umubiri cyangwa bwo mu mutwe, ari bimwe mu bigena niba azakenera kwimukira mu macumbi yihariye.
Bivuze ko imibare y’abageze mu zabukuru yonyine idahagije mu kumenya umubare w’amacumbi azakenerwa; hakenewe no kureba uko ubuzima bwabo, ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ubufasha bakeneye bizagenda bihinduka.
Mu gihe igisekuru cya Baby Boomers gikomeje gusaza, Amerika ihanganye n’ikibazo cyo kongera amacumbi n’ibigo bibafasha mbere y’uko icyuho kiba kinini kurushaho.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hari abaturage bageze mu zabukuru bagenda biyongera; ku rundi, hari iyubakwa ry’amacumbi ryagabanutse cyane.
Ibitekerezo