Diyabete ikomeje kwibasira benshi: Menya ibimenyetso bya yo, uko yirindwa n’ingaruka zikomeye iteza

07 Gicurasi 2026 saa 10:06

Diyabete ni imwe mu ndwara zidakira zishobora gufata umuntu uwo ari we wese, kandi umubare w’abayirwaye ku isi ukomeje kwiyongera cyane. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, OMS/WHO, rivuga ko abantu barenga miliyoni 422 bayifite, umubare wikubye kane ugereranyije n’uwariho mu myaka isaga 40 ishize.

Iyi ndwara ibaho igihe umubiri unanirwa gukoresha neza isukari yo mu maraso izwi nka glucose, bigatuma iba nyinshi mu mubiri. Nubwo isukari ari ingenzi kuko ari yo itanga ingufu ku turemangingo tw’umubiri, kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza bisaba insuline, umusemburo ukorwa n’urwagashya (pancreas). Iyo insuline idakora neza cyangwa idahagije, glucose irirundanya mu maraso.

Diyabete ishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye birimo indwara z’umutima, kwangirika kw’imitsi, ubuhumyi, ikibazo cy’impyiko ndetse no gucibwa ibice by’umubiri. Ikindi ni uko hari abantu benshi bayibana batabizi kuko rimwe na rimwe idatanga ibimenyetso byihuse.

Abahanga bavuga ko guhindura imibereho bishobora gufasha cyane mu kuyirinda, cyane cyane diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. BBC dukesha iyi nkuru yakusanyije bimwe mu bibazo abantu bakunze gushakisha kuri Google ku bijyanye na diyabete, inatanga ibisobanuro by’ingenzi kuri iyi ndwara.

*Isukari itunganyijwe ni kimwe mu byongera isukari mu mubiri (GETTY IMAGES)*

Ibimenyetso bya diyabete

Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 akenshi ishobora kutagira ibimenyetso bigaragara, kandi akenshi umuntu ayimenya ari uko apimwe isukari mu maraso muri laboratwari.

Ariko diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 yo ikunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo:

Inyota ikabije
Inzara nyinshi
Kwihagarika kenshi
Umunaniro no gucika intege
Kutabona neza
Kugabanuka ibiro
Gusinzira cyane

Ku bana n’ingimbi, ubu bwoko bwa 1 ni bwo bukunze kuboneka cyane kandi ibimenyetso bya bwo bikagaragara vuba. Gusa inzobere zivuga ko no diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 iri kugenda yiyongera mu bana kubera imibereho yo kwicara igihe kinini no kudakora imyitozo.

Isukari yo mu maraso iba ikibazo ryari?

Mu buryo busanzwe, umuntu wiyirije aba afite isukari iri hagati ya 70 na 110 mg/dl. Iyo amaze kurya irazamuka, ariko nyuma y’amasaha make insuline ikayisubiza ku rwego rusanzwe.

Iyo isukari ikomeje kuba hejuru ya 180 mg/dl igihe kirenze amasaha abiri, bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’umubiri, cyane cyane amaso, impyiko, umutima n’imitsi y’amaraso.

Abaganga bavuga ko abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba kugenzura ko isukari yabo ihora hagati ya 70 na 180 mg/dl kugira ngo birinde ibibazo bikomeye. Iyo irenze 300 mg/dl, bishobora kuba bibi cyane kandi bigasaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Na none kandi, kugira isukari iri munsi ya 70 mg/dl na byo bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye, cyane cyane ku barwaye diyabete.

Itandukaniro hagati ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 n’ubwa 2

Diyabete ifite amoko atandukanye, ariko akunze kuvugwa cyane ni abiri.

Ubwoko bwa 1 bukunze gufata urubyiruko ruri munsi y’imyaka 30 kandi akenshi buboneka nta mateka y’iyi ndwara mu muryango. Ibimenyetso bya bwo bikunda kuza mu buryo bwihuse kandi bukomeye.

Ubwoko bwa 2 bwo bukunze gufata abantu bakuru, cyane cyane abafite ibiro byinshi cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije wo ku nda. Hari n’igihe bujyana n’izindi ndwara nk’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso cyangwa umwijima urimo ibinure byinshi.

*Kunanirwa cyane no kujya kwihagarika kenshi ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bya diyabete (Getty IMAGES)*

Ese diyabete iravurwa cyangwa iririndwa?

Abahanga bavuga ko diyabete idakira burundu, ariko ishobora kugenzurwa neza ku buryo umuntu abaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Nta buryo buzwi bwo gukumira diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ariko iya 2 yo ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu mibereho myiza irimo:

Kugumana ibiro bijyanye n’ubuzima
Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi iboneye
Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe

Hari kandi uburyo bwo gutera urwagashya ku barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 kugira ngo bafashwe kubona insuline.

Inzobere zinaburira abantu kwirinda ababeshya bavuga ko bafite umuti ukiza diyabete burundu, kuko kugeza ubu nta muti uyikiza uzwi.

Ese hari ibiribwa bitera diyabete?

Abahanga bavuga ko nta kiribwa cyihariye gishobora gutera diyabete ku giti cya cyo. Icyakora, kurya ibinure byinshi, ibiribwa byatunganyijwe cyane ndetse n’ibirimo carbohydrates nyinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

Kurya imboga n’imbuto zitandukanye, cyane cyane izitaratetswe, bifasha umubiri kugira ubudahangarwa no kuringaniza imirire, bikaba byanafasha mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara diyabete.