Mu gihe Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano, intambara n’ibibazo bya politiki bimaze imyaka myinshi, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yatangaje ko yemeye gutegura ibiganiro by’igihugu bizahuza Abanyekongo batandukanye, hagamijwe gushaka ibisubizo birambye byagarura amahoro n’ituze mu gihugu.
Iri tangazo rije mu gihe hashize igihe kirenga umwaka hakorwa ibiganiro bya dipolomasi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, birimo ibyabereye i Doha muri Qatar, ibyahujije ibihugu byo mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC), ndetse n’ibiyobowe n’Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), ariko kugeza ubu intambara ikomeje gufata indi ntera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ni icyemezo cyakuruye impaka nyinshi, aho bamwe bagifata nk’intambwe ishobora gufasha igihugu kuva mu bibazo bimaze imyaka hafi 30, mu gihe abandi bagaragaza impungenge ko gishobora kutagira icyo gihindura niba impande zose zifite uruhare mu ntambara zitazitabira ibyo biganiro.
Ibiganiro bizahuza ba nde?
Jacques Kongolo Bigirumwami, umwe mu bajyanama ba Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, yavuze ko ibiganiro biteganyijwe bizaba bifunguye ku Banyekongo bose bafite uruhare cyangwa ijambo mu bibazo igihugu kirimo.
Yasobanuye ko intego nyamukuru ari ugusesengura ibibazo igihugu gifite no gushakira hamwe ibisubizo birambye bishobora kongera kubaka ubumwe bw’Abanyekongo.
Yagize ati: “Turashaka guhuriza hamwe Abanyekongo bafite ubushake bwo gushakira igihugu amahoro no kureba uburyo ibibazo byakemurwa.”
Biteganyijwe ko amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, amadini, urubyiruko, abagore, impuguke ndetse n’abahagarariye inzego zitandukanye z’igihugu bazatumirwa muri ibi biganiro.
Ese M23 izitabira?
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeje kwibazwa cyane ni ukumenya niba umutwe wa M23 uzaba uri mu bazitabira ibi biganiro.
Jacques Kongolo yavuze ko imiryango yitwaje intwaro izemererwa kwitabira ari iyemera ko ishaka amahoro kandi itemeweho gukorana n’ibihugu byo hanze mu guhungabanya umutekano wa RDC.
Yavuze ko M23 iri mu rwego rutandukanye kubera ko Leta ya Congo ikomeje kuyishinja gukorana n’u Rwanda no gufashwa na rwo mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakomeje guhakana ibyo birego, ivuga ko nta ngabo za yo ziri ku butaka bwa RDC kandi ko ikibazo cy’umutekano muri icyo gihugu gifite imizi y’imbere mu gihugu, ikavuga ko Kigali idashobora kubazwa ibibazo byose bya Congo.
Kongolo yavuze ko M23 ishobora gusuzumwa niba yatumirwa gusa igihe yaba yitandukanyije n’ibyo Leta ya Congo yita ubufasha bw’amahanga.
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko ikibazo cya Congo kidashobora gukemurwa hatabaye ibiganiro birimo impande zose zifite uruhare mu ntambara. Bavuga ko nubwo Guverinoma ya Congo ivuga ko M23 ari igikoresho cy’u Rwanda, abayobozi bakuru b’uyu mutwe ari Abanyekongo.
Mu buyobozi bwa AFC/M23 harimo Corneille Nangaa, wahoze ayobora Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora (CENI), akaba ari Umunyekongo. Hari kandi Gen. Sultani Makenga na we ukomoka muri Congo.
Ibi bituma hari abavuga ko kubima umwanya mu biganiro by’imbere mu gihugu bishobora gutuma ibisubizo bitagerwaho.
Abandi bavuga ko hakwiye kubanza kurebwa impamvu nyamukuru zatumye imitwe yitwaje intwaro ivuka, harimo amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka, ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu, ubusumbane mu miyoborere, ubukene bukabije, ndetse n’umutungo kamere umaze imyaka myinshi ukurura intambara.
Ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC byatangiye gukaza umurego nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, ubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yahungaga ikinjira muri Congo.
Kuva icyo gihe, intambara zagiye zisimburana, zirimo iza mbere n’iza kabiri za Congo, zafatwagamo nk’iz’intambara zikomeye zabaye muri Afurika nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.
Kugeza ubu, impuguke zigaragaza ko muri RDC habarizwa imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 100, irimo M23, FDLR, ADF, CODECO, Mai-Mai n’indi myinshi.
Iyo mitwe iharanira inyungu zitandukanye zirimo kugenzura ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro, kurengera inyungu z’amoko amwe n’amwe cyangwa kurwanya ubutegetsi buriho.
Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU) uvuga ko abantu barenga miliyoni esheshatu bamaze kuva mu bya bo kubera intambara zikomeje kubera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ni umwe mu mibare iri hejuru ku Isi y’abimuwe n’intambara imbere mu gihugu.
Abaturage benshi bakomeje kubaho mu nkambi z’impunzi z’imbere mu gihugu, aho bahura n’ibibazo birimo inzara, indwara, kubura amazi meza, uburezi ndetse n’ubuvuzi.
Amashuri menshi yarafunzwe, ibigo nderabuzima birasenywa cyangwa bikabura imiti, mu gihe ubukungu bw’uturere twibasiwe n’intambara bwakomeje gusubira inyuma.
Ese ibiganiro bizatanga umusaruro?
Iki si cyo gihe cya mbere Congo iteguye ibiganiro bigamije amahoro. Mu myaka yashize habaye ibiganiro byinshi birimo iby’i Sun City muri Afurika y’Epfo, iby’i Nairobi muri Kenya, ibiganiro bya Luanda muri Angola, iby’i Doha muri Qatar ndetse n’ibindi byinshi.
Nubwo hari amasezerano menshi yashyizweho umukono, menshi ntiyigeze ashyirwa mu bikorwa uko byari byitezwe.
Hari abasesenguzi bavuga ko impamvu nyamukuru yatumye ayo masezerano atanga umusaruro muke ari uko yabaga agamije guhagarika imirwano gusa, aho gukemura imizi y’ibibazo.
Jacques Kongolo we avuga ko iki gihe ibintu bishobora gutandukana kuko ibiganiro bizabera muri Congo kandi bikazahuza Abanyekongo ubwa bo.
Yagaragaje ko intego ari ukuganira nta guhishanya, buri wese akavuga ibibazo abona n’icyakorwa kugira ngo igihugu gisubirane amahoro.
Haracyari inzitizi nyinshi
Nubwo hari icyizere ku ruhande rwa bamwe, inzitizi ziracyari nyinshi.
Hari ikibazo cyo kutizerana hagati ya Guverinoma n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kutavuga rumwe hagati y’amashyaka ya politiki, ndetse n’ibibazo by’imibanire hagati ya RDC n’ibihugu bituranyi birimo u Rwanda n’u Burundi.
Na none kandi, ibihugu mpuzamahanga bikomeje gusaba ko ibiganiro byose byashingira ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, guhagarika imirwano no kurinda abasivili.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko niba ibi biganiro bizashobora guhuza impande zose zifite uruhare mu bibazo bya Congo, bikabera mu mucyo kandi imyanzuro ya byo igashyirwa mu bikorwa, bishobora kuba intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo gushakira amahoro igihugu kimaze imyaka hafi 30 cyugarijwe n’intambara.
Icyakora, niba hari impande zizasigara hanze cyangwa impamvu nyamukuru z’ibibazo zikirengagizwa, hari impungenge ko ibi biganiro bishobora kongera kuba kimwe mu bindi byinshi byabaye mu mateka ya RDC bitatanze ibisubizo byari byitezwe.
Ibitekerezo