Mu Misiri baricwaga bagashyingurwa hafi y’abami ngo bakomeze kubakorera na nyuma y’urupfu

Ibihanga bimaze imyaka 5,000 byagaragaje ibanga ry’abakozi bashyingurwaga hafi y’abami ba Misiri kugira ngo bakomeze kubakorera na nyuma y’urupfu.

Ubushakashatsi bushya bwakozwe ku bisigazwa by’abantu babayeho muri Misiri mu myaka hafi 5,000 ishize bwagaragaje ibimenyetso bishya bishimangira ko bamwe mu bantu bakoreraga ibwami bashobora kuba baricwaga nyuma y’urupfu rw’umwami, kugira ngo bamuherekeze mu buzima bwizerwaga ko bubaho nyuma y’urupfu.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Dr Roselyn A. Campbell wo muri Kaminuza ya Purdue, busubira gusuzuma ibihanga by’abantu byavanywe mu irimbi rya kera rya Umm el-Qaab, riherereye i Abydos mu Misiri.

Aha ni hamwe mu hantu h’ingenzi cyane mu mateka ya Misiri ya kera, kuko hashyinguwe bamwe mu bami ba mbere bategetse icyo gihugu.

Ibihanga 18 byagaragaje ibikomere bikomeye

Mu bihanga 46 byasuzumwe, 18 muri byo byagaragaje ibikomere bikomeye byo mu mutwe.

Ibyo bingana na 39% by’ibihanga byose byasuzumwe.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko bimwe muri ibyo bikomere bishobora kuba byarabaye igihe abo bantu babaga bakiri bazima cyangwa benda gupfa.

Hari ibihanga byagaragaje kuvunika gukomeye, mu gihe ibindi byari bifite ibimenyetso by’ibikomere bishobora kuba byaratewe n’ikintu gityaye cyangwa ikindi gikoresho gikomeye.

Bimwe muri ibyo bikomere byari bikomeye ku buryo bishobora kuba byaratumaga umuntu ata ubwenge, ava amaraso imbere mu mutwe cyangwa agapfa.

Ibi ni byo byatumye abashakashatsi bongera gutekereza ku gitekerezo kimaze imyaka myinshi kivuga ko bamwe mu bantu bashyingurwaga hafi y’abami bashobora kuba baricwaga nk’igitambo.

Ibanga rimaze imyaka isaga 100

Ibi bisigazwa by’abantu byari byaracukuwe mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20 n’umushakashatsi w’Umwongereza witwaga Flinders Petrie.

Petrie yari yaribajije impamvu abantu benshi bari bashyinguwe mu mva nto zakikizaga imva z’abami.

Yakekaga ko bamwe muri bo bashobora kuba baricwaga nyuma y’urupfu rw’umwami, ariko icyo gihe ntiyari afite ibimenyetso bihagije byagaragazaga uko bapfuye.

Nyuma y’imyaka isaga 100, uburyo bugezweho bwo gusuzuma amagufwa n’ibihanga bwatumye abashakashatsi bongera kureba ibyo bisigazwa mu buryo burambuye.

Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuga ko ibyangiritse byafatwaga nk’ibyabaye ku gihanga nyuma y’urupfu bishobora ahubwo kuba ari ibikomere umuntu yagize akiri muzima.

Ese baricwaga kugira ngo bakomeze gukorera umwami?

Mu Misiri ya kera, hari imyemerere ikomeye ku buzima nyuma y’urupfu.

Abami n’abandi bantu bakomeye bashyingurwaga hamwe n’ibikoresho, imitako, ibiribwa n’ibindi bintu byatekerezwaga ko bazakenera mu bundi buzima.

Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bibaza niba n’abantu bakoreraga umwami barashoboraga kwicwa kugira ngo bakomeze kumukorera na nyuma y’urupfu.

Iki gitekerezo kizwi mu bushakashatsi nk’umugenzo wo gutamba abantu bari basanzwe bakorera umwami cyangwa bari hafi ye.

Mu mva zimwe zo muri Abydos, habonetse imva nyinshi nto zikikije imva y’umwami, kandi bamwe mu bantu bari bashyinguwemo bakekwaho kuba bari abakozi b’ibwami, abanyabukorikori cyangwa abandi bantu bari bafite inshingano mu ngoro.

Kubona bamwe muri bo barapfuye mu gihe gisa n’aho ari kimwe n’icy’umwami byatumye iki gitekerezo kirushaho gukomera.

Abashakashatsi baracyitonda

Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishya bishimangira ko bamwe muri abo bantu bashobora kuba baricwaga, abashakashatsi ntibavuga ko abantu bose bashyinguwe hafi y’abami bishwe.

Ibihanga 46 byasuzumwe ni igice gito cyane cy’abantu bose bari bashyinguwe muri ayo marimbi.

Hari abashobora kuba barapfuye urupfu rusanzwe, mu gihe abandi bashobora kuba barapfuye mu buryo butasize ibimenyetso ku gihanga.

Ni na yo mpamvu abahanga bavuga ko hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi mbere yo kwemeza neza uburyo uwo mugenzo wakorwaga n’abantu bose wabagiragaho ingaruka.

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rikomeje kuvumbura amateka mashya

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko ibisigazwa bimaze imyaka myinshi bibitswe muri za kaminuza n’inzu ndangamurage bishobora kongera gusuzumwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho, bikavamo amakuru atari yaramenyekanye mbere.

Ibyo abashakashatsi bo mu myaka isaga 100 ishize batashoboye kubona neza, uyu munsi bishobora gusobanurwa hifashishijwe ubumenyi bushya mu gusuzuma amagufwa n’ibikomere.

Nubwo hakiri ibibazo byinshi ku buryo abo bantu bapfuye, ubushakashatsi bushya bwongeye gushyira imbaraga ku gitekerezo cy’uko mu gihe cy’abami ba mbere ba Misiri, hari bamwe mu bantu bashobora kuba baricwaga kugira ngo bashyingurwe hafi y’umwami.

Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 5,000, ibihanga byabo bikomeje gutanga ibimenyetso bishya ku buzima, imyemerere n’ubutegetsi byaranze Misiri ya kera.