Abarwanyi bagera kuri 20 bo mu mutwe wa Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) bishwe, abandi 32 barakomereka, mu bitero by’indege byagabwe n’ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifatanyije n’iza Saudi Arabia ku birindiro bitandukanye biri muri Iraq.
PMF yatangaje ko ibyo bitero byagabwe mu rukerera rwo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki ya 29 Nyakanga 2026, byibasiye ibirindiro bya yo biri mu ntara zirindwi za Iraq. Uyu mutwe wavuze ko imibare y’abapfuye n’abakomeretse ishobora kwiyongera kuko ibikorwa byo gushakisha no gutabara abagizweho ingaruka bikomeje.
Mu itangazo ryanyujijwe mu kigo ntaramakuru cya Iraq, INA, PMF yavuze ko ibirindiro bya yo byibasiwe biri i Baghdad no mu ntara za Wasit, Nineveh, Basra, Kirkuk, Karbala na Diyala. Yongeyeho ko inyubako, imodoka za gisirikare, intwaro n’ibindi bikoresho byangiritse bikomeye.
Ibi bitero byemejwe na Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Saudi Arabia hamwe n’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Ingabo z’Amerika muri Aziya yo Hagati no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, CENTCOM. Izi mpande zombi zavuze ko zari zigamije guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Iran, ishinjwa kugaba ibitero ku ngabo z’Amerika no ku bikorwa remezo bya Saudi Arabia bitunganya peteroli.
Amerika na Saudi Arabia byavuze ko byakoresheje ibitero byateguwe neza, byibanda ku bubiko bw’intwaro, ibikoresho bya gisirikare n’ahantu hakoreshwa mu gutegura no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
CENTCOM yatangaje ko ibyo bitero byabaye igisubizo ku bitero birenga 30 by’indege zitagira abapilote bivugwa ko byageragejwe mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu. Washington ishinja umutwe w’ingabo zidasanzwe za Iran, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), kuba ari wo watanze amabwiriza yo kugaba ibyo bitero.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, kugeza ubu nta gihamya yigenga yashyizwe ahagaragara igaragaza neza abateguye cyangwa abagabye ibitero bya drone byashinjwe imitwe ikorera muri Iraq.
Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Saudi Arabia yatangaje ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakorewe muri Iraq byari igisubizo ku bitero bya drone byari bimaze iminsi byibasira ibikorwa remezo bitunganya ingufu muri icyo gihugu.
Yavuze ko ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere bwa Saudi Arabia bwafashe kandi bugasenya indege nyinshi zitagira abapilote zari zerekeje ku bigo bya peteroli biri mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba no mu bice bya Riyadh.
Saudi Arabia ishinja imitwe ishyigikiwe na Iran kandi ikorera ku butaka bwa Iraq kuba ari yo yohereje izo ndege. Riyadh yavuze ko gukoresha ubutaka bwa Iraq mu kugaba ibitero ku gihugu cy’abaturanyi ari igikorwa giteza akaga umutekano w’akarere kose.
Mu itangazo ryayo, Minisiteri y’Ingabo yagize iti: “Igihugu cya Saudi Arabia gishimangira ko kidashaka ko amakimbirane arushaho gukara, ariko kizasubiza igitero icyo ari cyo cyose kizakigabwaho.”
Iryo tangazo ryumvikanisha ko Riyadh ishaka kugaragaza ibyo yakoze nk’ubwirinzi bw’igihugu, ariko ibitero byagabwe imbere muri Iraq bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Iraq ifata PMF nk’urwego rwemewe rw’inzego z’umutekano, nubwo imwe mu mitwe iyigize ikunze gushinjwa gukorera hanze y’amabwiriza ya guverinoma.
Ibitero byo kuri uyu wa Gatatu ni byo bya mbere bikomeye Amerika yagabye mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati kuva Perezida Donald Trump ahagaritse ibikorwa bikomeye byo kurasa kuri uyu wa Gatanu ushize, nyuma y’iminsi 13 y’ibitero bikurikirana.
Kuba Amerika yongeye kugaba ibitero byafatanyije na Saudi Arabia bigaragaza ko agahenge kari katangiye kugaragara katamaze igihe. Bishobora no gutuma amakimbirane yari asanzwe ahuza Amerika na Iran arushaho gukwirakwira mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu karere.
PMF yamaganye ibitero
PMF yavuze ko ibitero by’Amerika na Saudi Arabia ari “ukuzamura amakimbirane mu buryo buteye akaga”, kubangamira ubusugire bwa Iraq no kwibasira inzego z’umutekano zemewe n’amategeko y’icyo gihugu.
Uyu mutwe wavuze ko nubwo ugizwe n’imitwe myinshi itandukanye, wemewe nk’igice cy’inzego z’umutekano za Iraq, bityo kuwugabaho ibitero ari nko kugaba ibitero ku gihugu cya Iraq.
PMF yashinzwe mu 2014 nyuma y’uko umutwe wa Islamic State wari uzwi kandi nka ISIS cyangwa ISIL ufashe ibice binini bya Iraq. Icyo gihe, abanyamadini bakomeye b’Abashiya, barimo Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, bahamagariye abaturage kwitanga kugira ngo bafashe ingabo za leta kurwanya uwo mutwe.
Imitwe myinshi yaje kwishyira hamwe munsi ya PMF yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwambura Islamic State imijyi n’uturere yari yarigaruriye. Nyuma y’iyo ntambara, PMF yinjijwe mu buryo bwemewe mu nzego z’umutekano za Iraq.
Mu mategeko ya Iraq, PMF igomba kugendera ku mabwiriza y’umugaba w’ikirenga w’ingabo, ari na we Minisitiri w’Intebe. Ariko mu bikorwa, imwe mu mitwe iyigize ifite ubuyobozi, intwaro n’uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo bitagenzurwa neza na guverinoma.
Imitwe nka Kataib Hezbollah, Asaib Ahl al-Haq n’indi ishyigikiwe na Iran yakunze gushinjwa kugaba ibitero bya rocket na drone ku birindiro birimo ingabo z’Amerika, ku nyubako z’Ambasade y’Amerika i Baghdad no ku zindi nyungu za Washington muri Iraq no muri Syria.
Amerika ivuga ko imwe muri iyo mitwe ifashwa na Iran mu mahugurwa, intwaro, amafaranga n’amakuru ya gisirikare. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo mitwe ivuga ko irwanya ukubaho kw’ingabo z’amahanga muri Iraq kandi ko igamije kurengera igihugu cya yo.
Islamic Resistance in Iraq irabihakana
Islamic Resistance in Iraq, izina rikoreshwa n’ihuriro ry’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Iran, yahakanye kugira uruhare mu bitero bya drone Saudi Arabia ivuga ko byaturutse muri Iraq.
Uyu mutwe wavuze ko ibirego bya Riyadh ari “ibihimbano”, wongeraho ko igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cya gisirikare Saudi Arabia yakora kizahabwa “igisubizo gikomeye”.
Aya magambo yongera impungenge ko hashobora gukurikiraho ibitero byo kwihorera. Imiterere ya PMF, aho igizwe n’imitwe myinshi ifite ubuyobozi n’imikorere bitandukanye, ituma kumenya uwatanze amabwiriza yo kugaba igitero runaka bigorana.
Hari ubwo umutwe umwe wemera igitero, mu gihe PMF nk’urwego rusange ivuga ko nta mabwiriza yagitanze. Hari n’ubwo imitwe ikoresha amazina mashya cyangwa atamenyerewe mu kwemera ibitero, bigatuma abayobozi ba Iraq bagorwa no kugaragaza abayagizeho uruhare.
Guverinoma za Iraq zakurikiranye zagerageje gushyira imitwe yose igize PMF munsi y’ubuyobozi bumwe, kuyibuza kugira ububiko bw’intwaro butagenzurwa no kuyemeza gukurikiza amabwiriza y’inzego za leta. Izo gahunda ariko ntizatanze umusaruro uhagije.
Bamwe mu bayobozi b’iyo mitwe bafite n’imbaraga muri politiki. Amashyaka cyangwa impuzamashyaka bifitanye isano na yo bifite imyanya mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko no mu zindi nzego za leta. Ibyo bituma ikibazo cya PMF kitaba icya gisirikare gusa, ahubwo kikaba n’ikibazo gikomeye cya politiki.
Minisitiri w’Intebe yahamagaje inama yihutirwa
Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Iraq, Ali al-Zaidi, yahamagaje inama yihutirwa y’Inama y’Abaminisitiri ishinzwe umutekano w’igihugu kugira ngo isuzume ingaruka z’ibitero n’uburyo Iraq ibyitwaramo.
Biteganyijwe ko abayobozi b’ingabo, inzego z’iperereza, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’izindi nzego z’umutekano batanga amakuru ku hantu hibasiwe, umubare w’abapfuye n’abakomerekejwe, ndetse n’ibyangijwe.
Bagomba no gusuzuma niba koko indege zitagira abapilote zashatse kugaba ibitero kuri Saudi Arabia zaraturutse ku butaka bwa Iraq, nk’uko Riyadh ibivuga.
Mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru, al-Zaidi yari yategetse inzego z’umutekano gukora iperereza ryihuse ku birego bya Saudi Arabia. Yavuze ko Iraq itazemera ko ubutaka bwayo bukoreshwa mu kugaba ibitero ku bihugu by’abaturanyi.
Guverinoma ya Iraq iri mu mwanya utoroshye. Ku ruhande rumwe, igomba kwamagana ibitero by’amahanga byagabwe ku butaka bwa yo nta ruhushya yatanze. Ku rundi ruhande, igomba kugaragaza ko ishoboye kugenzura imitwe yose yitwaje intwaro no gukumira ko ubutaka bwayo bukoreshwa mu guteza umutekano muke mu karere.
Minisitiri w’Intebe al-Zaidi yari asanzwe ateganya kujya muri Saudi Arabia kuri uyu wa Kane. Urwo ruzinduko rwari rugamije kuganira ku mubano w’ibihugu byombi, ubucuruzi, ingufu n’umutekano wo ku mipaka. Ibitero biheruka bishobora gutuma ibiganiro byibanda cyane ku birego bya Riyadh no ku buryo bwo gukumira ibindi bitero.
Hari impungenge ko urugendo rushobora gusubikwa cyangwa gahunda yarwo igahinduka bitewe n’uko Baghdad izafata ibitero byagabwe ku ngabo ibona nk’igice cy’inzego zayo zemewe.
Iraq hagati ya Washington na Tehran
Kuva ubutegetsi bwa Saddam Hussein bwahirima mu 2003, Iraq yakomeje kugorwa no kuringaniza umubano wa yo n’Amerika na Iran. Washington ifasha ingabo za Iraq mu mahugurwa, amakuru y’ubutasi no kurwanya imitwe y’iterabwoba, mu gihe Tehran ifite imbaraga zikomeye mu bijyanye na politiki, ubucuruzi, idini n’umutekano.
Ibihugu byombi byagize uruhare mu gufasha Iraq kurwanya Islamic State, ariko bikomeje kutavuga rumwe ku hazaza h’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Iran.
Washington ishaka ko iyo mitwe yamburwa intwaro cyangwa igashyirwa burundu munsi y’ubuyobozi bwa leta. Iran yo ibona iyo mitwe nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’urunana rwa yo rw’umutekano mu karere, ruyifasha guhangana n’Amerika, Israel n’ibihugu bikorana na byo.
Igihe cyose umubano wa Amerika na Iran urushijeho kuba mubi, Iraq iba ifite ibyago byo guhinduka ahaberera intambara hagati y’impande zombi. Ibitero byagabwe kuri uyu wa Gatatu byongeye kugaragaza ko Baghdad ishobora kwinjizwa mu makimbirane yagutse nubwo ivuga ko idashaka kuba ikibuga cy’intambara z’ibihugu by’amahanga.
Impungenge ku mutekano wa peteroli
Ibitero bya drone byibasiye cyangwa byagerageje kwibasira ibikorwa remezo bya Saudi Arabia byongera impungenge ku mutekano w’ingufu ku isi. Saudi Arabia ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere byohereza peteroli nyinshi ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bityo ikibazo cyose kibangamira inganda za yo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku biciro.
Mu 2019, ibitero byagabwe ku bigo bya Abqaiq na Khurais byatumye umusaruro wa peteroli wa Saudi Arabia ugabanuka cyane mu gihe gito. Icyo gihe, ibiciro bya peteroli byahise bizamuka ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Nubwo Riyadh yavuze ko drones ziheruka zafashwe zitaragera ku ntego, gukomeza kugerageza kwibasira ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu bishobora gutuma amasoko arushaho kugira ubwoba. Nyuma y’amakuru y’ibitero by’Amerika na Saudi Arabia muri Iraq, ibiciro bya peteroli byongeye kuzamuka, bitewe n’impungenge z’uko intambara ishobora kubangamira inzira z’ubwikorezi bwo mu Kigobe.
Umuhora wa Hormuz, unyuramo igice kinini cya peteroli n’umwuka kamere bitwarwa mu mato ku isi, na wo ukomeje kuba isoko y’impungenge. Ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyawufunga cyangwa kikagabanya ingendo z’amato cyagira ingaruka ku biciro bya lisansi, ubwikorezi n’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu byinshi.
Ibitero bishya rero ntibireba gusa Amerika, Saudi Arabia, Iraq na Iran. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’isi, cyane cyane mu gihe ibiciro by’ingufu byazamuka, bigatuma n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa, ingendo n’ibindi bicuruzwa byiyongera.
Mu gihe PMF ikomeje gushyingura abayoboke ba yo no kubarura ibyangiritse, amaso ahanzwe ku gisubizo cya Guverinoma ya Iraq, ku ruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Saudi Arabia no ku cyemezo imitwe ishyigikiwe na Iran ishobora gufata.
Igitero cyo kwihorera gishobora gutuma akarere kongera kwinjira mu ntambara ikaze. Naho kutagira uruhande rugira icyo rukora bishobora guha amahirwe ibiganiro bya dipolomasi, nubwo amagambo akomeye impande zombi zikomeje gutangaza agaragaza ko inzira yo kugabanya amakimbirane ikiri ndende.
Ibitekerezo