Ubuhinde bwanditse amateka mashya mu rwego rw’ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi nyuma yo gutangiza ku mugaragaro gari ya moshi ya mbere yubatswe n’Abahinde ikoresha hydrogène nk’isoko y’ingufu, mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisukuye.
Iyi gari ya moshi yatangijwe ku mugaragaro kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 17 Nyakanga 2026, mu muhango wabereye kuri sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi ya Jind, muri Leta ya Haryana, uyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubuhinde, Narendra Modi.
Yiswe “NaMo Green Rail”, aho “NaMo” ari impine y’izina n’izina ry’umuryango bya Narendra Modi, akaba yavuze ko iyi ntambwe ari ikimenyetso cy’uko igihugu gikomeje kwigira no kubaka iterambere rirengera ibidukikije.
Mu butumwa yashyize ku rubuga rwa X (rwahoze ari Twitter), Modi yagize ati: “Uyu ni umunsi ukomeye cyane mu rugendo ruganisha ku Buhinde bwigenga mu ikoranabuhanga no ku iterambere rirambye”.
Abayobozi b’Ikigo gishinzwe gari ya moshi mu Buhinde batangaje ko iyi ari gari ya moshi ya mbere yubatswe imbere mu gihugu ikoresha hydrogène nk’isoko y’ingufu.
Igizwe n’ibice bibiri bifite moteri zikoresha hydrogène ndetse n’ibihande umunani bitwara abagenzi.
Ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara abagenzi bagera ku 2,600 icyarimwe, ikaba ishobora kugendera ku muvuduko ugera kuri kilometero 75 mu isaha.
Ku ikubitiro, izatangira gukora ingendo mu Ntara ya Haryana, ariko leta y’Ubuhinde ivuga ko nibigaragara ko ikora neza, izatangira no gukoreshwa mu zindi ntara z’igihugu.
Uko hydrogène ikoreshwa muri iyi gari ya moshi
Bitandukanye na gari ya moshi zikoresha mazutu cyangwa lisansi, iyi ikoresha hydrogen, ari bwo buryo bwo kubyaza amashanyarazi ingufu za hydrogène.
Muri ubu buryo, hydrogène ihuzwa na ogisijeni (oxygen) hakabyarwa amashanyarazi akoreshwa namoteri ya gari ya moshi.
Ikintu cy’ingenzi gitandukanya iri koranabuhanga n’izindi lisansi ni uko nta mwuka uhumanya wa dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) usohoka mu buryo butaziguye. Ahubwo igisohoka ni umwuka w’amazi (water vapor) gusa, ari na yo mpamvu hydrogène ifatwa nk’imwe mu ngufu zifasha kurengera ibidukikije.
Abahanga bavuga ko iri koranabuhanga rifasha cyane mu kugabanya imyuka itera ubushyuhe bw’isi, cyane cyane ku mihanda ya gari ya moshi itarashyirwaho amashanyarazi.
Uyu mushinga ntiwagarukiye gusa ku gukora gari ya moshi, ahubwo wanashyizwemo ibikorwa remezo bishya birimo:
- ibigega bibikwamo hydrogène,
- sitasiyo ziyuzuza hydrogène,
- uburyo bwo kuyitwara no kuyibika mu mutekano,
- ndetse n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana uko ikoranabuhanga rikora.
Leta y’Ubuhinde ivuga ko uyu ari umushinga w’igerageza uzafasha kumenya niba iri koranabuhanga ryakwagurwa ku rwego rw’igihugu hose.
Impamvu Ubuhinde bwahisemo hydrogène
Ubuhinde ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite umuyoboro munini wa gari ya moshi ku Isi. Indian Railways ifite imihanda irenga ibilometero 68,000, itwara miliyoni nyinshi z’abagenzi buri munsi.
Nubwo igice kinini cy’uyu muyoboro kimaze gushyirwaho amashanyarazi, hari inzira nyinshi zikiri gukoresha mazutu, ibintu bituma igihugu gikomeza gusohora imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, leta yahisemo gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène kugira ngo izabashe gusimbura buhoro buhoro moteri zikoresha mazutu.
Uyu mushinga ujyanye n’intego igihugu cyihaye yo kugera ku kigero cya zeru ku myuka ihumanya ikirere (Net-Zero) bitarenze umwaka wa 2070.
Net-zero bivuga ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere igihugu gisohora iba ingana n’iyo kibasha kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga no kurengera ibidukikije.
Mu myaka ishize, Ubuhinde bwashyizeho gahunda yiswe National Green Hydrogen Mission, igamije guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya hydrogène itangiza ibidukikije mu nganda, ubwikorezi no mu zindi nzego z’ubukungu.
Iyi gahunda ifite intego yo gutuma igihugu kiba kimwe mu bikomeye ku Isi mu gukora no kohereza hydrogène isukuye mu mahanga.
Ibindi bihugu bikoresha gari ya moshi za hydrogène
Ubuhinde si cyo gihugu cya mbere gikoresheje iri koranabuhanga.
Mu mwaka wa 2022, Ubudage bwabaye igihugu cya mbere ku Isi cyatangije umurongo wa gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi zikoresha hydrogène ku buryo buhoraho, zisimbura izakoreshaga mazutu ku mihanda itarashyizwemo amashanyarazi.
Nyuma ya bwo, ibihugu birimo Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Ubushinwa, Koreya y’Epfo n’Ubuyapani na byo byatangiye kugerageza cyangwa gukoresha gari ya moshi zikoresha hydrogène.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko nubwo izi gari ya moshi zihenze kuzubaka kurusha izisanzwe, zifite inyungu zikomeye zirimo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere, urusaku ruke no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Nubwo hydrogène ifatwa nk’ingufu z’ejo hazaza, haracyari ibibazo bikomeye birimo igiciro cyo kuyitunganya, kuyibika no kuyitwara.
Abahanga bavuga ko kugira ngo hydrogène ibe koko “icyatsi kibisi” (green hydrogen), igomba gukorwa hifashishijwe amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu zisubira, nk’izituruka ku mirasire y’izuba cyangwa ku muyaga. Iyo ikozwe hifashishijwe ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa amakara, inyungu zo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere ziragabanuka.
Hari kandi ikibazo cy’ibikorwa remezo bisaba amafaranga menshi, kuko buri sitasiyo ikenera ibikoresho byihariye byo kubika no kuzuza hydrogène.
Iri koranabuhanga risobanuye iki ku bijyanye n’ubwikorezi?
Abasesenguzi mu by’ingufu bavuga ko gutangiza iyi gari ya moshi ari intambwe ikomeye igaragaza ko Ubuhinde bushaka kugabanya gukoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli no kwihutisha urugendo rugana ku bukungu butangiza ibidukikije.
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bikomeje gushora imari mu modoka, amakamyo, amato ndetse na gari ya moshi zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa hydrogène, biteganyijwe ko iri koranabuhanga rizagira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kurwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Nubwo uyu mushinga ukiri mu cyiciro cy’igerageza, gutangiza NaMo Green Rail bifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye ku Buhinde mu rugendo rwo kubaka uburyo bw’ubwikorezi burambye, bukoresha ingufu zisukuye kandi bufasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, mu gihe igihugu gikomeje guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no kongera ubudahangarwa bw’urwego rw’ubwikorezi.
Ibitekerezo