Abimukira 157 bari mu rugendo rwo kwambuka umuhora wa La Manche berekeza mu Bwongereza batabawe n’inzego z’Ubufaransa n’iz’Ubwongereza, nyuma y’uko moteri y’ubwato buto bari barimo ifashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro maze ubwo bwato bugatangira gusenyuka vuba.
Iki gikorwa gikomeye cy’ubutabazi cyabaye mugitondo cyo ku wa Kabiri, tariki ya 4 Kanama 2026, mu gice cy’umuhora wa La Manche kigenzurwa n’Ubufaransa, hafi y’imbibi zo mu mazi zitandukanya icyo gihugu n’Ubwongereza.
Ubuyobozi bw’Ubufaransa bushinzwe umutekano n’ubutabazi mu muhora wa La Manche no mu Nyanja y’Amajyaruguru bwatangaje ko bwihutiye kohereza amato y’ubutabazi, kajugujugu y’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi ndetse n’abaganga, nyuma yo kumenya ko ubwato bw’abimukira bwari bwugarijwe n’umuriro.
Inzego z’Ubwongereza na zo zohereje amato abiri y’urwego rushinzwe umutekano wo ku mipaka, Border Force, ndetse n’ubwato bw’umuryango w’abakorerabushake batabara abantu mu mazi, Royal National Lifeboat Institution, RNLI.
Mu bantu 157 batabawe, 103 bakiriwe n’amato y’Ubufaransa, mu gihe abandi 54 bashyizwe mu mato yaturutse mu Bwongereza. Bose bagombaga gusubizwa ku cyambu cya Boulogne-sur-Mer, mu majyaruguru y’Ubufaransa, kugira ngo basuzumwe n’abaganga kandi bahabwe ubufasha bw’ibanze. Kugeza ubwo amakuru yatangazwaga, nta muntu wari wemejwe ko yakomeretse cyangwa ko yahitanywe n’iyo mpanuka.
Amakuru y’inzego z’Ubufaransa avuga ko ubwo bwato bwahagurutse ku nkombe za Normandy mu ijoro ryo ku wa Mbere, butwaye abantu benshi cyane ugereranyije n’ubushobozi bwabwo.
Bivugwa ko bwavuye hafi y’ahitwa Veules-les-Roses, mu gace ka Seine-Maritime, hafi y’Umujyi wa Dieppe. Kuva bwatangira urugendo, bwari bwamaze kugaragazwa n’ikigo cy’Ubufaransa gikurikirana ingendo zo mu mazi kandi bukurikiranwa n’amato y’ubutabazi.
Mu ijoro, abantu batanu bari muri ubwo bwato bagaragaje ko bakeneye gutabarwa, bakurwa mu bwato maze bajyanwa i Boulogne-sur-Mer. Abandi bari basigaye bavugwa ko banze kuva mu bwato, bakomeza urugendo berekeza mu Bwongereza.
Abashinzwe ubutabazi mu Bufaransa basobanuye ko iyo abantu bari mu bwato buto banze kuvamo, batabahatira kwimukira mu mato y’ubutabazi igihe nta kaga kihutirwa kagaragara. Guhatira abantu benshi kuva mu bwato bumwe bajya mu bundi bishobora kubutesha uburinganire, bukarengerwa n’amazi cyangwa bukarohama.
By’umwihariko, amato akoreshwa muri izi ngendo akunze kuba akozwe mu bikoresho bidakomeye kandi agashyirwamo abantu barenze kure ubushobozi bwa yo. Abatabazi rero bagerageza kwirinda igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyahita giteza impanuka.
Mugitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Kabiri, ibintu byahindutse ubwo moteri y’ubwato yafashwaga n’umuriro. Umuriro watumye imiterere y’ubwato yangirika mu gihe gito cyane, abari baburimo bamwe bahatirwa gusimbukira mu mazi. Icyo gihe ni bwo abatabazi b’Abafaransa n’Abongereza batangiye kubakuramo bose.
Amato abiri y’Ubufaransa yakiriye abantu 30 na 73, mu gihe amato y’Ubwongereza yakiriye abandi 54. Iki cyabaye kimwe mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi byakiriye abantu benshi icyarimwe muri La Manche kuva umubare w’abambuka uwo muhora mu mato mato watangira kwiyongera cyane mu 2018.
Akaga ko gutwara abantu benshi mu bwato bumwe
Kuba abantu 157 bari mu bwato bumwe byongeye kugaragaza uburyo abagizi ba nabi bacuruza abantu n’abategura ingendo zitemewe bashyira ubuzima bw’abimukira mu kaga, bagamije kubona amafaranga menshi.
Mu myaka ya mbere y’izi ngendo, amato menshi yatwaraga abantu bake. Ariko uko ubugenzuzi ku nkombe z’Ubufaransa bwagiye bwiyongera, abategura izo ngendo batangiye gukoresha amato maremare no kuyapakirana abantu benshi.
Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Umutekano w’Imbere mu Bwongereza igaragaza ko impuzandengo y’abantu bari mu bwato bumwe yakomeje kuzamuka buri mwaka kuva mu 2018. Mu mwaka warangiye muri Werurwe 2026, ubwato bumwe bwatwaraga abantu 63 ugereranyije, mu gihe iyo mpuzandengo yari abantu 41 mu 2022.
Mu mezi ya Nzeri n’Ugushyingo y’umwaka wabanje, impuzandengo yageze ku bantu 71 mu bwato bumwe, ari wo mubare munini wari waranditswe. Kuba ubwato bwo muri iyi mpanuka bwari burimo abantu barenga 150 bigaragaza ko abakora ubu bucuruzi bakomeje gushaka uburyo bwo gutwara abantu benshi mu rugendo rumwe.
Ibi byongera ibyago byo kurohama, cyane cyane iyo ubwato bufashwe n’umuriro, moteri igapfa, umuyaga ukaba mwinshi cyangwa abantu bakagira ubwoba bagahurira ku ruhande rumwe rw’ubwato.
Amato menshi akoreshwa muri izi ngendo ntabwo aba afite ibikoresho bihagije byo kurokora abantu, imyambaro irinda kurohama cyangwa uburyo bwo guhamagara ubutabazi. Hari n’igihe umwe mu bimukira ahabwa inshingano zo kuyobora ubwato akoresheje telefoni cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rya GPS, nubwo yaba adafite ubumenyi bwo kuyobora ubwato mu nyanja.
La Manche ni inzira ngufi ariko iteje akaga
Umuhora wa La Manche utandukanya Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza. Mu gice kigufi cyane, hagati ya Calais na Dover, ufite intera y’ibilometero nka 34 gusa. Iyo ntera isa nk’aho ari ngufi, ariko amazi yaho azwiho kugira imiyaga ikaze, imiraba ihindagurika ndetse n’ubukonje bushobora guteza umuntu gutakaza ubushyuhe bw’umubiri mu gihe gito.
La Manche kandi iri mu nzira zo mu mazi zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Amato manini atwara ibicuruzwa, peteroli n’abagenzi anyura muri uwo muhora buri munsi. Ubwato buto bw’abimukira bushobora kutagaragara neza, cyane cyane nijoro cyangwa mu bihe by’igihu, bikongera ibyago byo kugongana n’amato manini.
Mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iyi nkongi, abantu bane bari bamaze gupfa mu mpanuka ebyiri zitandukanye zabaye ubwo bageragezaga kwambuka uwo muhora. Ibyo byerekana ko nubwo ubufatanye bw’Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza bwongerewe, urugendo rukomeje guhitana abantu.
Ubushakashatsi bw’Ikigo cya Kaminuza ya Oxford gikurikirana iby’abimukira, Migration Observatory, bugaragaza ko abantu 24 bapfuye bagerageza kwambuka La Manche mu 2025, bavuye kuri 73 bari bapfuye mu 2024. Hagati ya 2018 na 2025, nibura abantu 162 bahitanywe n’impanuka z’ubwato muri uwo muhora. Iyo hongewemo abaguye mu zindi mpanuka zijyanye no kugerageza kwambuka, zirimo iz’abagerageza kwihisha mu makamyo, umubare ugera ku bantu 257.
Abambuka La Manche ni bantu ki?
Abanyura muri iyi nzira baba baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye, ariko benshi bakomoka ahari intambara, ihohoterwa, ubukene bukabije cyangwa ubutegetsi bubabuza ubwisanzure.
Imibare y’Ubwongereza yo mu mwaka warangiye muri Werurwe 2026 igaragaza ko Abanya-Eritrea, Abanya-Afghanistan, Abanya-Sudani, Abanya-Iran n’Abanyasomaliya ari bo bari bagize umubare munini w’abafashwe bageze mu Bwongereza banyuze mu nzira zitemewe.
Muri icyo gihe, Abanya-Eritrea 7,042 bageze mu Bwongereza bakoresheje amato mato, mu gihe Abanya-Sudani bari 4,389 naho Abanyasomaliya bakaba 3,740. Kwiyongera kw’abaturuka muri Sudani gufitanye isano n’intambara imaze imyaka ihanganishije ingabo za Leta n’umutwe wa Rapid Support Forces, yasenye ibikorwa remezo kandi ikavana abantu benshi mu byabo.
Abimukira bamwe bavuga ko bahitamo Ubwongereza kubera ko bahafite bene wabo cyangwa inshuti, bavuga Icyongereza, cyangwa bizeye kubona umutekano n’akazi. Abandi baba baranyuze mu bihugu byinshi by’u Burayi ariko bagahura n’ubuzima bugoye, ivangura cyangwa kubura aho baba.
Nubwo bamwe mu banyapolitiki babita abimukira binjiye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, abenshi iyo bageze mu Bwongereza basaba ubuhungiro. Migration Observatory ivuga ko 99% by’abageze mu Bwongereza bakoresheje amato mato mu 2025 basabye ubuhungiro cyangwa bagashyirwa ku madosiye y’ababusabye nk’abo bashakanye cyangwa abana ba bo.
Hagati ya 2018 na 2025, hafi 62% by’ibyemezo by’ibanze byafatiwe abasabye ubuhungiro nyuma yo kugera mu Bwongereza mu mato mato byabahaye uburenganzira bwo kurindwa. Ibi bisobanura ko kuba umuntu yarakoresheje inzira itemewe bitavuga ko byanze bikunze aba adafite impamvu zemewe zo gusaba ubuhungiro.
Mu mwaka wa 2025, abantu 41,472 bageze mu Bwongereza bakoresheje amato mato, biyongereyeho 13% ugereranyije n’umwaka wari wabanje. Uwo wabaye umubare wa kabiri munini kuva izi ngendo zatangira kwiyongera, nyuma y’abantu 45,774 banditswe mu 2022.
Ariko mu mezi atanu ya mbere ya 2026, umubare waragabanutse. Hafi abantu 9,000 bari bamaze kwambuka kugera mu mpera za Gicurasi, bari munsi ho 38% y’abari bambutse muri icyo gihe mu 2025.
Minisitiri w’Umutekano w’Imbere mu Bufaransa, Laurent Nuñez, yatangaje ko mu mezi ya mbere ya 2026 abantu hafi 10,000 bari bamaze kwambuka bava mu Bufaransa, mu gihe muri icyo gihe cy’umwaka wabanje bari hafi 24,000. Ingendo zari zageze ku Bwongereza zari 160, zivuye kuri 413 mu gihe nk’icyo mu 2025.
Icyakora, inzego z’Ubwongereza zibutsa ko imibare y’igihe gito igomba gusesenguranwa ubushishozi, kubera ko uko abantu bambuka bihinduka bitewe n’ibihe. Mu mpeshyi, igihe umuyaga n’imiraba bigabanuka, ingendo zikunda kwiyongera.
Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa byakajije ingamba
Iyi mpanuka yabaye nyuma y’umunsi umwe Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza, Andy Burnham, atangaje ko guverinoma ye itazacogora mu kugabanya umubare w’abambuka La Manche bakoresheje amato mato.
Burnham yavuze ko abaturage bifuza kubona imipaka igenzurwa neza, ariko ashimangira ko abantu bafite impamvu zemewe zo gusaba ubuhungiro na bo bagomba kurindwa. Kuva yafata ubutegetsi ku wa 20 Nyakanga 2026, abantu barenga 2,000 bari bamaze kugera mu Bwongereza bakoresheje amato mato.
Ubufaransa n’Ubwongereza byagiranye amasezerano mashya agamije kongera abapolisi n’abashinzwe ubugenzuzi ku nkombe z’amajyaruguru y’Ubufaransa, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gutahura amato mbere y’uko ahaguruka no guhangana n’amatsinda y’abacuruza abantu.
Imwe mu nzira zashyizwemo imbaraga ni ukurwanya amato yiswe “taxi boats”. Bene ayo mato atangirira mu gice cy’inyanja kitagenzurwa cyane atwaye abantu bake, nyuma akagenda atoragura abimukira bategereje mu mazi cyangwa ku nkombe zitandukanye. Ubu buryo bugamije guca mu rihumye abapolisi barinda inkombe.
Muri Kamena 2026, Guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yatangaje ko Ubufaransa bwari bumaze guhagarika amato atandatu yakoreshwaga muri ubwo buryo, abari bayarimo bagasubizwa mu Bufaransa. Abantu batanu bakekwagaho gutegura izo ngendo bari bamaze gukatirwa igifungo no kwirukanwa. Abakozi barenga 20 bashya na bo bagombaga kongerwa mu bikorwa byo gukumira amato atoragura abimukira mu mazi.
Impaka ku buryo burambye bwo gukemura ikibazo
Guverinoma y’Ubwongereza ivuga ko gufata no gukurikirana abategura ingendo, gukaza ubugenzuzi no gusubiza bamwe mu bimukira mu Bufaransa bizaca intege abashaka kwambuka. Abaharanira uburenganzira bw’impunzi bo bavuga ko gukaza ingamba byonyine bidakuraho impamvu zituma abantu bahunga ibihugu bya bo.
Bavuga ko igihe abantu badafite uburyo bwemewe kandi bwizewe bwo gusaba ubuhungiro, bamwe bazakomeza kwishyira mu maboko y’abacuruza abantu. Basaba ko hashyirwaho inzira zo gusaba ubuhungiro umuntu atabanje kwambuka inyanja, korohereza impunzi gusanga imiryango yazo no kwagura gahunda zo kwimura impunzi ziri mu bihugu zibangamiwemo.
Ku rundi ruhande, abashyigikiye gukaza amategeko bavuga ko inzira nyinshi zemewe zishobora gukurura abantu benshi kurushaho kandi zigashyira igitutu kuri serivisi rusange. Izi mpaka zikomeje kuba imwe mu ngingo zikomeye muri politiki y’Ubwongereza.
Kurokoka kw’abantu 157 bari mu bwato bwafashwe n’inkongi kwarushijeho kugaragaza uburemere bw’iki kibazo. Nubwo nta rupfu rwahise rutangazwa, kuba moteri yarafashwe n’umuriro kandi ubwato bugatangira gusenyuka vuba byerekana ko impanuka ikomeye yashoboraga kuba mu kanya gato.
Ni igikorwa cy’ubutabazi cyarokoye ubuzima bw’abantu benshi, ariko kandi ni umuburo w’uko igihe intambara, ihohoterwa n’imibereho mibi bikomeje gusunika abantu kuva mu bihugu byabo, naho inzira zizewe zo gusaba ubuhungiro zikaba nke, amato apakiye abantu barenze ubushobozi ashobora gukomeza kugaragara muri La Manche.
Ibitekerezo