Ibihugu 10 byazahajwe n’imyenda kurusha ibindi muri Afurika

Umwenda ugenda wiyongera muri Afurika watumye abayobozi b’uyu mugabane bagira impungenge zikomeye. Muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize, Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe watumije inama ya mbere igamije kungurana ibitekerezo no gushyiraho ingamba zo kugabanya uwo mwenda, inama yabereye i Lomé, umurwa mukuru wa Togo.

Muri iyo nama, byagaragajwe ko ibihugu birenga 20 byo muri Afurika biri mu bibazo bikomeye by’imyenda ikabije.

Clever Gatete, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu bw’Afurika (ECA), yatangaje ko mu 2024 imyenda y’Afurika yari igeze hafi kuri miliyari 1,860 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ivuye kuri miliyari 1,000 gusa mu gihe kitageze ku myaka icumi ishize.

Iryo zamuka rikabije ry’imyenda riri gutuma ibihugu byinshi by’Afurika bihura n’ingorane zo kutabasha kwishyura neza imyenda bifite.

Mu bigo n’ibihugu biguriza cyane leta z’Afurika harimo Banki y’Isi, Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF), Banki Nyafurika y’Iterambere (AfDB), Ubushinwa n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa.

Uretse abo baguriza bakuru, isoko mpuzamahanga ry’imari ni irindi soko rikomeye ritanga inkunga ku bihugu by’Afurika, cyane cyane binyuze mu kuguriza amafaranga aturuka ku bashoramari bigenga.

Hagati ya 2015 na 2024, umwenda w’Afurika ugereranyije n’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP) wiyongereye uva kuri 44.4% ugera kuri 66.7%, nk’uko imibare y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) ibigaragaza.

Imibare yo mu Kwakira 2025 igaragaza ko iri zamuka riyobowe na Sudani ifite 272%, ikurikirwa na Senegali ifite 128%, Zambiya ifite 115% na Cape Verde ifite 111%.

Vuba aha, itsinda rigizwe n’impuguke zigenga 25, harimo n’umuhanga mu bukungu Kevin Urama wo muri Banki Nyafurika y’Iterambere, ryasohoye raporo yiga ku kibazo cy’imyenda y’Afurika.

Iri tsinda ryashyizweho mu gihe Afurika y’Epfo yari yakiriye inama ya G20, ikanayoborwa na Trevor Manuel wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Imari w’icyo gihugu, ryashimangiye ko hakenewe guhuza inguzanyo n’ishoramari mu guteza imbere Afurika.

Clever Gatete yagaragaje ko ikibazo Afurika ifite kitari imyenda gusa, ahubwo ari icy’iterambere, kuko mu bihugu byinshi amafaranga yagombaga kujya mu buzima, uburezi n’ibikorwa remezo atwarwa no kwishyura imyenda.

Hanyuma, hatangajwe urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 by’Afurika bifite imyenda myinshi, rushingiye ku gipimo cy’imyenda ugereranyije n’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP).

1- Sudan

Sudani imaze igihe mu ntambara y’imbere mu gihugu ihanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu n’imari. Mu 2023, imyenda ya leta y’iki gihugu yageze kuri 253% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP), nk’uko imibare ya IMF ibigaragaza. Iyi myenda ahanini iri hanze y’igihugu, ikaba ifitwe cyane n’abafatanyabikorwa bo mu bihugu byombi, by’umwihariko ibihugu byo mu Kigobe hamwe n’abanyamuryango ba Paris Club.

2- Senegali

Raporo ya banki yo mu Bwongereza Barclays igaragaza ko Senegali ifite umwenda ungana na tiriliyari 23.5 z’amafaranga CFA, ahwanye na miliyari 47.2 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Uwo mwenda ungana na 119% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu, bigatuma Senegali iba iya kabiri mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite imyenda myinshi. Iyo hiyongereyeho umwenda w’ibigo bya leta, umwenda wose ugera kuri 132% bya GDP.

3- Zambia

IMF itangaza ko umwenda rusange w’iki gihugu cyo muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo wageze kuri miliyari 21.4 z’amadolari mu mpera za 2024. Nubwo ari munini, raporo ya IMF yasohotse muri Kanama igaragaza icyizere, aho biteganyijwe ko umwenda uzagabanuka uve kuri 114% ya GDP mu 2024 ukagera kuri 91.1% mu mpera za 2025.

4- Cape Verde

Cape Verde, igihugu cya ECOWAS giherereye ku nkombe za Senegali, ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite umwenda. Nubwo umwenda wa cyo wagiye ugabanuka uva kuri 127.5% bya GDP muri 2022 ukagera kuri 114% muri 2023, uracyarenze 100% bya GDP, wari ku 109.4% muri 2024, nk’uko imibare ya Banki ya ECOWAS ishinzwe ishoramari n’iterambere (EBID) ibigaragaza.

5- Repubulika ya Kongo

Umwenda wa Repubulika ya Kongo waragabanutse uva kuri 103,6% bya GDP mu 2020 ugera kuri 93,6% mu 2024, ariko uracyabangamira iki gihugu gitanga peteroli muri Afurika yo hagati. IMF ivuga ko kwiyongera k’umwenda w’imbere mu gihugu byongereye igitutu ku nguzanyo, aho hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga yinjiye mu mpera za 2024 cyakoreshwaga mu kwishyura imyenda.

6- Mozambique

Mozambique ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite imyenda myinshi, aho mu mpera za 2024 umwenda wa cyo wari hafi miliyari 16.238 z’amadolari. Mu Werurwe 2025, guverinoma yatangaje ko idashobora kwishyura neza uwo mwenda, wari wararenze 100% bya GDP, nk’uko IMF ibigaragaza.

7- Misiri

Mu 2024, umwenda wa Misri wageze kuri 83% bya GDP, nk’uko Banki Nkuru ya Misiri ibigaragaza. Mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2024/2025, serivisi z’imyenda zatwaye miliyari 21.3 z’amadolari, bitera igitutu gikomeye ku bubiko bw’ivunjisha, nk’uko IMF ibivuga mu Kwakira 2025.

8- Malawi

Malawi iri ku mwanya wa 8 mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite imyenda myinshi, aho umwenda wa yo wageze kuri 88% bya GDP mu 2024, ungana hafi miliyari 10.3 z’amadolari, nk’uko IMF ibigaragaza. Iki gihugu giherereye muri Afurika y’Amajyepfo gifite ubuso bwa km² 118.480 n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 22,7.

9 – Mauritius

IMF ivuga ko Mauritius yari ifite umwenda ungana na 88% bya GDP mu 2024. Nubwo utageze ku rwego rwa 91.9% bya GDP rwabonetse mu 2020, uracyari munini cyane ku gihugu cy’Afurika gifite iterambere ryisumbuye mu mibereho y’abaturage n’inyungu z’amafaranga ku muturage.

10- Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau yongeye guhura n’ibibazo bya politiki nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwahagaritse amatora, kandi ifite imyenda ikabije. Mu 2024, umwenda rusange wageze kuri 82.3% bya GDP, aho umwenda w’imbere mu gihugu wari 55.5% by’umwenda wose mu 2023. Abaterankunga bakuru mu myenda yo hanze ni Banki y’Isi (30.2%) na BOAD (28.6%), nk’uko IMF ibigaragaza mu Gushyingo 2024.