Mu gihe ikibazo cy’abimukira bakomeje gushaka kwinjira ku mugabane w’Uburayi gikomeje gufata indi ntera, Umujyi wa Ceuta, umwe mu duce twa Espagne duherereye ku butaka bwa Afurika, wibasiwe n’umuvuduko udasanzwe w’abimukira binjiye mu masaha 24 gusa.
Amakuru aturuka mu nzego zitandukanye agaragaza ko hagati y’abaturage 40,000 na 49,000 binjiye muri uwo mujyi mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, mu gihe nibura 18 bahasize ubuzima bagerageza kuwugeramo.
Ibi byabaye ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 31 Nyakanga 2026, bikaba byafashwe nk’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubutabazi n’umutekano, ndetse bikaba byazamuye impaka zikomeye hagati ya Espagne, Maroc n’ibihugu by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU).
Amakuru yatangajwe n’Ibiro Ntaramakuru by’Abafaransa (AFP) ashingiye ku nzego za polisi avuga ko nibura abantu 40,000 bambutse umupaka mu munsi umwe. Gusa Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Espagne yo yatangaje ko imibare ya yo igaragaza ko abageze muri Ceuta ari 49,000, ibintu bitigeze bibaho mu mateka y’uyu mujyi.
Ceuta ni agace ka Espagne kari mu majyaruguru ya Maroc, gafite umupaka wo ku butaka n’iki gihugu cy’Afurika. Hamwe na Melilla, ni two duce twonyine tw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi duherereye ku mugabane w’Afurika, bikaba bituma ari amarembo yifuzwa cyane n’abimukira bifuza kugera ku Burayi.
Mu minsi ishize, abantu benshi bari bamaze kugerageza kwinjira muri Ceuta, ariko kuva ku wa Kane tariki ya 30 Nyakanga, umubare wabo wazamutse cyane. Mu ijoro ryakurikiyeho, ibihumbi by’abimukira byakomeje kugera muri uwo mujyi nta guhagarara.
Abenshi mu babonetse ku mashusho yakwirakwijwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga ni urubyiruko rw’abagabo, bamwe bambaye imyenda yo koga cyangwa bafite inkweto zoroheje, abandi nta mashati bambaye. Hari abageraga ku butaka bwa Espagne bagaragaza ibyishimo, bamwe bavuga bati “Viva España!”, nubwo benshi bagaragaraga bananiwe cyane nyuma y’urugendo rukomeye.
Abaturage ba Ceuta bavuga ko uwo mujyi wahise wuzura mu buryo butunguranye, ku buryo umubare w’abagezeyo ungana n’igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage bawutuye.
Nubwo impamvu nyakuri y’uyu muvuduko itaramenyekana neza, amakuru menshi agaragaza ko hari amakuru y’ibihuha yakwirakwiriye avuga ko umupaka wari wafunguwe, bituma abantu ibihumbi bahitamo kuwambuka.
Leta ya Espagne yo yashyize igitutu ku cyemezo giherutse gufatwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’icyo gihugu. Uru rukiko rwavuze ko abimukira bagerageza kugera muri Ceuta cyangwa Melilla banyuze mu nyanja batagomba guhita basubizwa inyuma ako kanya, bitandukanye n’abambuka umupaka wo ku butaka mu buryo butemewe.
Bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko icyo cyemezo cyaba cyarafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cyorohereza abashaka kugera ku Burayi banyuze muri ayo mayira.
Mu gihe abantu ibihumbi bakomeje kugera muri Ceuta, ubuyobozi bw’uyu mujyi bwatangaje ko ibikorwa byo kwakira abimukira byarengeje ubushobozi.
Perezida wa Ceuta, Juan Jesus Vivas, yavuze ko ibigo byakira abimukira byuzuye burundu, ku buryo nta hantu hasigaye ho kwakira abandi.
Yagize ati: “Ibigo byakira abimukira byamaze kuzura. Nta mwanya usigaye wo kwakira undi muntu.”
Abayobozi bo muri ako gace bavuze ko bahanganye n’icyo bise “ibibazo bikomeye by’ubutabazi n’imibereho”, basaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa leta ya Espagne ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.
Mu bahitanywe no gushaka kugera muri Ceuta harimo abantu bapfiriye mu nyanja cyangwa bazize umuvundo n’umunaniro ukabije. AFP yatangaje ko nibura abantu 18 bamaze kwitaba Imana, mu gihe hari impungenge ko umubare ushobora kwiyongera.
Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Espagne, Pedro Sánchez, yahise atangaza ko agomba kugera i Ceuta kugira ngo yirebere uko ibintu bimeze ndetse ayobore ibikorwa byo gukemura icyo kibazo.
Yavuze ko leta ye iri gukoresha ubushobozi bwose ifite, ikorana bya hafi na Maroc ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ikibazo gikemurwe vuba bishoboka.
Pedro Sánchez yavuze ati: “Turimo gukoresha uburyo bwose bushoboka, dufatanyije n’ubuyobozi bwa Maroc n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ibintu bisubire mu buryo vuba bishoboka.”
Mu myaka ishize, Sánchez yakunze gushyigikira politiki yemerera abimukira kubona amahirwe yo gukorera muri Espagne mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Mu minsi ishize kandi, igihugu cye cyemeje gahunda yo guha ibyangombwa abantu bagera ku 500,000 bari bamaze igihe baba muri Espagne badafite impapuro zibemerera kuhaba.
Ku ruhande rwa Maroc, nta tangazo rasmi ryari ryatangajwe kugeza icyo gihe. Icyakora, amakuru yatangajwe n’AFP avuga ko abayobozi ba Maroc na Espagne bamaze kugirana ibiganiro byihuse ku buryo bwo kugenzura umupaka no gusubiza iwabo abantu binjiye muri Ceuta mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.
Amakuru ava mu nzego za dipolomasi avuga ko impande zombi zemeranyije kongera ubufatanye mu gucunga umupaka no gutegura uburyo bwihuse bwo kohereza muri Maroc abimukira binjiye mu buryo butemewe.
Iki kibazo cyahise gitera impaka zikomeye mu Burayi.
Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Butaliyani, Giorgia Meloni, yasabye ko hakazwa igenzura ku mipaka ndetse bamwe bagasaba ko amasezerano ya Schengen atanga ubwisanzure bwo gutembera hagati y’ibihugu by’u Burayi yakongera gusuzumwa.
Ibyo byateje impaka zikomeye, aho Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Espagne, José Manuel Albares, yamaganye ayo magambo, ayita ibikorwa bya politiki bidafasha gukemura ikibazo.
Mu Budage, umwe mu bayobozi b’ishyaka AfD, Alice Weidel, yavuze ko bishoboka ko benshi muri abo bimukira bashobora gukomeza urugendo berekeza mu Budage, asaba ko imipaka y’u Burayi ifungwa vuba.
Mu Bufaransa, Minisitiri w’Umutekano w’Imbere mu Gihugu, Laurent Nuñez, yatangaje ko yahise ategeka kongera igenzura rikomeye ku mupaka uhuza u Bufaransa na Espagne ndetse anohereza umutwe wihariye ushinzwe kurinda imipaka.
Abashinzwe umutekano muri Ceuta bavuga ko ibintu byabaye nk’ibyarenze ubushobozi bwabo.
Rachid Sbihi, uhagarariye ishyirahamwe ry’abapolisi ba Guardia Civil muri Ceuta, yavuze ko byari bigoye no kubara abantu bari bambuka umupaka kubera ubwinshi bwabo.
Yagize ati: “Iki ni akajagari gakomeye cyane. Ntibishoboka gutanga imibare nyayo kuko abantu bari bambuka ari ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Umupaka wasaga n’uwasenyutse burundu.”
Ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal cyatangaje ko Espagne na Maroc byageze ku bwumvikane bw’agateganyo bugamije gutangira kohereza muri Maroc abantu binjiye muri Ceuta mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.
Iki kibazo cyongeye kwibutsa ibihugu by’u Burayi ikibazo cy’abimukira kimaze imyaka myinshi gihangayikishije uwo mugabane. Mu mwaka wa 2021, abantu bagera ku 10,000 ni bo bari binjiye muri Ceuta mu minsi ibiri, ibintu byari byafashwe nk’ikibazo gikomeye icyo gihe. Ariko imibare yo muri uyu mwaka irenze kure iyo yabaye icyo gihe, bituma abasesenguzi bavuga ko ari kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye by’abimukira byabaye ku mupaka wa EU mu myaka ya vuba.
Impuguke mu byimukira zigaragaza ko intambara, ubukene, ubushomeri, imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ihungabana ry’umutekano mu bice bitandukanye bya Afurika bikomeje gutuma abantu benshi bashaka ubuzima bwiza i Burayi. Gusa, imiryango mpuzamahanga ihora isaba ibihugu gukomeza kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, kurengera ubuzima bw’abimukira no gushakira umuti ikibazo mu bufatanye aho gukoresha ingufu gusa.
Mu gihe Ceuta ikomeje kwakira abantu ibihumbi, amaso yibanze ku nama ziri kubera hagati ya Espagne, Maroc n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, zitezweho gutanga umurongo mushya wo guhangana n’iki kibazo gikomeje gufata indi ntera no guteza impungenge ku mutekano, ubuzima n’imibereho y’abaturage bo ku mpande zombi z’umupaka.
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