Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Cambridge batangaje ko bakoresheje ubwenge buhangano (AI) mu gukora ubwoko bushya bw’urukingo bavuga ko bushobora kurinda abantu indwara ziterwa n’amoko menshi ya virusi ndetse bukanafasha gukumira ibyorezo bishobora kuzaduka mu gihe kiri imbere.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko ari bwo bwa mbere AI ikoze burundu igice cy’ingenzi kigize urukingo, nyuma rukageragezwa ku bantu. Uru rukingo rwateguriwe kurwanya virusi zose zo mu muryango wa coronavirus, zirimo izateye Covid-19 n’amoko ya yo yose, ndetse n’izindi virusi zishobora kuva ku nyamaswa zikanduza abantu zikaba zateza icyorezo gishya.
Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi bukiri mu ntangiriro, abahanga bamaze gutangira gukora n’izindi nkingo zishingiye kuri iri koranabuhanga zizafasha kurwanya ibicurane ndetse n’indwara ya Ebola.
Inkingo zisanzwe zifasha umubiri kumenya no kurwanya indwara, ariko hari virusi zihora zihindura imiterere ya zo ku buryo inkingo za zo zishobora gusaza vuba. Ni yo mpamvu inkingo za Covid-19 n’ibicurane ziba zigomba guhora zivugururwa.
Porofeseri Jonathan Heeney yavuze ko intego ya bo ari ugukora inkingo zitazajya zikurikirana ibyorezo nyuma y’uko byadutse, ahubwo zikabiteganyiriza mbere. Yagize ati: “Turashaka gukora inkingo ziturinda virusi z’uyu munsi ndetse n’izishobora guteza icyorezo ejo hazaza”.
Mu gukora uru rukingo, abashakashatsi bakusanyije amakuru y’utunyangingo twa coronavirus zitandukanye zari zaragaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe hirya no hino ku isi. Aya makuru yahawe AI irayasesengura, nyuma ikora icyo bise “super-antigen”, igice gishobora gutoza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kumenya no kurwanya virusi nyinshi zifitanye isano, n’iyo zaba zahindutse cyangwa zivuye ku nyamaswa zikagera ku bantu.
Antigen ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi mu rukingo kuko ari cyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwiga kumenya no kurwanya. Heeney yavuze ko AI yabarenze ku byo bari biteze, ndetse ko bishimishije kubona uburyo iri koranabuhanga rishobora gukoreshwa mu nyungu z’ikiremwamuntu.
Igeragezwa rya mbere ryakorewe ku bantu 39 ryari rigamije kureba niba uru rukingo rutekanye. Hari kandi ikindi kigeragezo kiri gukorwa ku bantu bagera kuri 200 kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uko rutera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi cyitwa Journal of Infection. Nubwo ingaruka zagaragaye ku budahangarwa bw’umubiri zitari zikomeye cyane, abahanga bavuga ko ibisubizo byabwo bitanga icyizere gikomeye.
Porofeseri Saul Faust, wagize uruhare mu igerageza ry’uru rukingo, yavuze ko uburyo AI ikoresha mu gukora inkingo bufite amahirwe menshi yo guhindura uburyo isi yitegura ibyorezo.
Abashakashatsi bo muri Cambridge banatangiye ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa bugamije gukora urukingo rwa grippe rwajya rumara imyaka myinshi rudahinduwe buri mwaka. Bari kandi gukora urukingo rwa H5N1, ubwoko bwa grippe y’inyoni ikomeje kwibasira inyoni hirya no hino ku isi kandi ishobora kuzanduza abantu.
Baranashaka gukora urukingo rw’indwara ziterwa na virusi zitera kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri, harimo na Ebola. Kuri ubu, hari icyorezo kiri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo giterwa n’ubwoko bwa Ebola butarabonerwa urukingo.
Porofeseri Andy Pollard yavuze ko ubu buryo bushya butanga icyizere gikomeye, cyane cyane nyuma y’ibisubizo byiza byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku nyamaswa. Yavuze ko AI ishobora kuba impinduramatwara mu bushakashatsi bw’inkingo kuko ishobora kwihutisha cyane uburyo zikorwamo no gufasha kurokora ubuzima bwinshi.
Naho Porofeseri Marian Knight yavuze ko intsinzi y’igeragezwa ry’iyi “super-antigen” yakozwe na AI ari intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo gukora inkingo zishobora kurinda abantu virusi nyinshi kandi igihe kirekire.
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