Intumwa za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zasohotse mu nama y’akanama gashinzwe umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, mu buryo bwo kwamagana amagambo akomeye Ubufaransa bwari bumaze iminsi buvuga ku myitwarire ya Washington mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Inyandiko y’INteko Rusange ya Loni igaragaza ko icyo gikorwa kidasanzwe muri dipolomasi cyabaye ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 27 Nyakanga 2026, ubwo ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa muri Loni, Jérôme Bonnafont, yari ahawe ijambo mu nama yihutirwa yigaga ku ntambara Uburusiya bukomeje muri Ukraine.
Nubwo iyo nama yari yahamagajwe kugira ngo haganirwe ku bibazo bya Ukraine, intumwa z’Amerika zahisemo kuyikoresha mu kugaragaza uburakari bwazo ku magambo Ubufaransa bwari bwatangaje nyuma y’itora ryo kongerera manda Volker Türk, Komiseri Mukuru wa Loni ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Amakimbirane hagati y’ibi bihugu byombi yatangiye ubwo Inteko Rusange ya Loni yatoraga icyemezo cyo kongerera Türk indi manda y’imyaka ine. Ibihugu 144 byashyigikiye icyo cyemezo, 10 biracyanga, naho 13 birifata. Amerika yari mu bihugu byatoye “oya”, kimwe n’Uburusiya, Koreya ya Ruguru, Israel, Nicaragua na Mali.
Manda ya kabiri ya Türk izatangira ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2026, irangire ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2030. Ibyavuye mu matora byemejwe ku mugaragaro n’Inteko Rusange ya Loni, nyuma y’uko umushinga w’Uburusiya wo kumuha manda ngufi kugeza mu mpera za 2026 wanze.
Ubufaransa bwibasiye Amerika
Nyuma y’iryo tora, ubutumwa bwashyizwe ku rubuga rwa X n’ibiro bihagarariye Ubufaransa muri Loni i Genève bwibasiye Amerika, buyishinja kuba yarateshutse ku nshingano yahoze ifite yo kuba intangarugero mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ubutumwa bw’Ubufaransa bwagiraga buti: “Amerika yahoze ari igicumbi cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ubu si ko bikimeze. Uyu munsi ihagaze iruhande rwa Koreya ya Ruguru, Nicaragua, Mali n’Uburusiya, iri mu bwigunge. Isi ntikiyumva.”
Iyi mvugo yarakaje ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump, cyane cyane ko Ubufaransa bwashyize Amerika mu cyiciro kimwe n’ibihugu Washington imaze igihe ishinja kutubahiriza amahame ya demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ambasaderi w’Amerika muri Loni, Mike Waltz, yasubije Ubufaransa, avuga ko bwashyigikiye umuntu umaze igihe “wigisha amasomo” ibihugu byigenga kandi bigendera kuri demokarasi, birimo Amerika, Ubwongereza na Israel, mu gihe ngo yirengagiza cyangwa akagirana umubano mwiza n’abategetsi Waltz yise abakandamiza abaturage kurusha abandi ku isi.
Waltz ntiyatanze ingero zirambuye z’ibihugu cyangwa abayobozi Türk yaba yaroroheye. Icyakora, amagambo ye yagaragaje ko Amerika ibona Urwego rwa Loni rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu nk’urukoresha amahame atandukanye bitewe n’igihugu ruri kugenzura.
Ku rundi ruhande, inshingano za Komiseri Mukuru wa Loni ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu zirimo kunenga ibihugu byose iyo hari ibimenyetso by’ihohoterwa, hatitawe ku mbaraga zabyo, uruhande bibogamiyeho cyangwa umubano bifitanye n’ibindi.
Intumwa z’Amerika zasohotse
Amakimbirane yo kuri X yahindutse igikorwa gifatika ubwo intumwa z’Amerika zasohokaga mu cyumba cy’inama y’akanama gashinzwe umutekano, mu gihe Bonnafont yari atangiye ijambo ry’Ubufaransa ku ntambara yo muri Ukraine.
Dan Negrea, umwe mu bahagarariye Amerika muri Loni, yavuze ko icyo cyemezo cyari kigamije kwereka Ubufaransa ko Washington itazemera gukomeza kumva amagambo yabwo ashinja Amerika kwitandukanya n’amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Negrea yavuze ko Amerika izakomeza kujya isohoka mu gihe Ubufaransa buhawe ijambo, kugeza ubwo Paris izareka icyo yise “imvugo y’ubwishongozi n’agasuzuguro”, kandi ikitwara mu buryo bujyanye n’umwanya ifite mu kanama gashinzwe umutekano.
Yashinje Ubufaransa kwigira nk’aho ari bwo bufite ububasha bwo kwigisha isi yose amasomo ku burenganzira bwa muntu, nyamara na bwo ngo bukaba bufite ibibazo n’amakosa byabwo.
Negrea yavuze ko Amerika yakomeje kuba ku ruhande rw’Ubufaransa mu bihe bitandukanye amateka yabwo yari mu kaga. Yongeyeho ko Washington yari imaze igihe yihanganira amagambo ya Paris kubera ubucuti n’ubufatanye bimaze igihe hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ariko ko uko kwihangana kutazakomeza mu gihe Ubufaransa bukoresha amagambo Amerika ibona nk’agasuzuguro.
Ubufaransa ntibwahise busubiza mu buryo bw’intonganya. Ambasaderi Bonnafont, wongeye guhabwa ijambo nyuma y’inama, yirinze kugaruka mu buryo butaziguye ku gusohoka kw’intumwa z’Amerika.
Ahubwo yibukije ko Ubufaransa bwagize uruhare mu rugamba rwahesheje Amerika ubwigenge, kandi ko bwifatanyije na yo mu kwizihiza imyaka 250 yari imaze ibonye ubwigenge.
Bonnafont yavuze ko Loni yashinzwe kugira ngo ifashe kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano mpuzamahanga, kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage. Yavuze ko Ubufaransa bukorera muri uwo murongo, bugamije kurinda ubwigenge bwa Loni n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ayigenga.
Kuki Amerika yanze manda ya Türk?
Amerika ntiyanze manda ya Türk kubera ko yavukiye muri Autriche cyangwa kubera ubushobozi bwe mu mategeko. Ahubwo yanenze imikorere y’Urwego ayobora, uburyo gahunda yo kumwongerera manda yakozwemo n’icyo yise kubura uburyozwe mu nzego za Loni.
Washington yavuze ko gahunda yo kumuha indi manda yakozwe yihutishwa, nta biganiro bihagije kandi mu gihe Loni yari yitegura impinduka mu buyobozi bwayo. Amerika yanaburiye ko icyo cyemezo gishobora gutuma isubira ku rwego rw’inkunga n’ubufatanye igirana n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Uburusiya na bwo bwifuzaga ko Türk ahabwa manda y’igihe gito kugeza mu mpera za 2026, kugira ngo umunyamabanga mukuru mushya wa Loni uzasimbura António Guterres azagire uruhare mu guhitamo uzayobora urwego rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Icyo cyifuzo nticyabonye amajwi ahagije. Ibihugu byinshi byo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, Afurika n’Amerika y’Epfo, hamwe n’Ubushinwa, byashyigikiye manda yuzuye y’imyaka ine.
Abashyigikiye Türk bavuga ko ubwigenge bw’umuyobozi ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu bupimirwa ku bushobozi bwo kunenga ibihugu byose, harimo n’ibihangange. Bavuga ko kuba yaranenze Uburusiya, Israel na Amerika bidakwiye gufatwa nk’uruhande rwa politiki, ahubwo ari igice cy’inshingano yahawe.
Abamunenga bo bavuga ko urwego ayobora rukunze kwibanda cyane ku bihugu bimwe, cyane cyane Israel n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba, mu gihe hari ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bukora ihohoterwa rikomeye ariko ntibuhabwe igitutu kingana n’icyo.
Türk yanenze Uburusiya, Israel n’Amerika
Volker Türk yakunze kunenga ibihugu bikomeye ku bibazo bitandukanye. Yamaganye intambara Uburusiya bwatangije muri Ukraine mu 2022, anenga ibikorwa byibasira abasivili, gusenya ibikorwa remezo no kutubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga intambara.
Yanenze kandi imikorere y’ingabo za Israel mu ntambara yo muri Gaza, agaragaza impungenge ku mubare w’abasivili bahasize ubuzima, ibikorwaremezo byasenyutse n’imbogamizi ku iyinjizwa ry’imfashanyo.
Ku bijyanye na Amerika, Türk yasabye ko politiki yayo y’abimukira ivugururwa ku rwego rwagutse. Yagaragaje impungenge ku ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu, igenzurwa rikabije n’ibikorwa byo gufata no kwirukana abimukira, cyane cyane mu gihe Amerika yari yitegura kwakira amarushanwa akomeye mpuzamahanga.
Ibyo bitekerezo byatumye ubutegetsi bwa Trump bumufata nk’umuyobozi winjira cyane mu bibazo by’imbere mu bihugu byigenga. Abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bo bavuga ko kutarya indimi ari cyo umwanya we usaba, cyane cyane mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye bishobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwabyo mu guhunga igenzura.
Türk, wize amategeko kandi umaze imyaka myinshi akorera Loni, ni we ubaye Komiseri Mukuru wa mbere w’uru rwego uhawe manda ebyiri zuzuye kuva uwo mwanya washyirwaho mu 1993.
Ubucuti bw’Amerika n’Ubufaransa buri mu bigeragezo
Ubufaransa n’Amerika ni ibihugu by’inshuti bimaze igihe kirekire. Ubufaransa bwafashije abaharaniraga ubwigenge bw’Amerika mu kinyejana cya 18, kandi kuva icyo gihe byombi byagiye bifatanya mu bibazo by’umutekano, ubukungu na dipolomasi.
Byombi ni abanyamuryango bahoraho b’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ka Loni kandi bifite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika ibyemezo byako, buzwi nka “veto”. Bifite kandi uruhare rukomeye mu Muryango wo gutabarana wa NATO.
Icyakora, umubano wabyo si ko buri gihe ugenda neza. Hari ubwo bitandukana ku ntambara, ubucuruzi, uko u Burayi bukwiye kwirwanaho n’uburyo ibihugu bikomeye bikwiye gukemura amakimbirane mpuzamahanga.
Ubushyamirane bushya ku burenganzira bwa muntu bwiyongereye ku kutumvikana hagati ya Perezida Trump na Perezida Emmanuel Macron. Ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’Uburayi byagaragaje impungenge ku mwanya Amerika ifata muri NATO, impinduka zishobora kuba ku ngabo za yo ziri i Burayi no ku bibazo by’umutekano w’uwo mugabane.
Macron yakomeje gusaba ko Uburayi bwubaka ubushobozi bwisumbuye bwo kwirwanaho, kugira ngo budahora bushingiye ku nkunga y’Amerika. Washington yo yakomeje gusaba ibihugu by’Uburayi kongera amafaranga bigenera ingabo no gufata uruhare runini mu kwirindira umutekano.
Amerika ikomeje kugabanya uruhare muri Loni
Uko gusohoka mu nama kugaragaza ikibazo cyagutse kurusha amagambo yahererekanyijwe hagati ya Waltz na Bonnafont. Kwerekana intera ikomeje kwiyongera hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Trump n’inzego mpuzamahanga.
Trump yakunze kuvuga ko imiryango mpuzamahanga ikoresha amafaranga menshi y’Amerika ariko ntikore mu nyungu za yo. Ubutegetsi bwe bwagabanyije inkunga yahabwaga amashami atandukanye ya Loni, bunava cyangwa bugabanya uruhare mu bigo byinshi mpuzamahanga.
Amerika, nk’igihugu kimaze igihe kiri mu baterankunga bakomeye ba Loni, iyo igabanyije amafaranga itanga bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byo gutabara impunzi, kurwanya inzara, kurengera abana no kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Abashyigikiye politiki ya Trump bavuga ko kugabanya iyo nkunga ari uburyo bwo guhatira Loni gukora ivugurura, kugabanya amafaranga ipfusha ubusa no kureka gufata ibyemezo bibogamiye ku ruhande rumwe.
Abayirwanya bo bavuga ko kuva mu bigo mpuzamahanga cyangwa kugabanya inkunga bishobora gusigira icyuho ibindi bihugu, birimo u Bushinwa n’Uburusiya, bikarushaho kugira ijambo mu nzego Amerika yafashije kubaka nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.
Nubwo Ubufaransa na Amerika bishobora gukomeza gukorana ku bibazo bya Ukraine, umutekano w’Uburayi n’ibindi bibazo mpuzamahanga, uku gushyamirana kwerekanye ko ubucuti bw’ibihugu byombi budakuraho kutavuga rumwe gukomeye.
Gusohoka mu nama ntikwahinduye ibyemezo byafashwe kandi ntikwakuye Ubufaransa mu kanama gashinzwe umutekano. Ariko kwabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cya dipolomasi, kigaragaza ko intambara y’amagambo ku burenganzira bwa muntu ishobora kwinjira no mu biganiro bisanzwe bigamije gukemura amakimbirane akomeye ku isi.
Ikibazo gisigaye ni ukumenya niba Amerika izakomeza koko gusohoka igihe cyose Ubufaransa buhawe ijambo, cyangwa niba impande zombi zizifashisha inzira za dipolomasi zikagabanya ubukana bw’amagambo.
Mu gihe ibyo bitarakemuka, manda ya kabiri ya Volker Türk yo yaremejwe ku bwiganze busesuye. Icyakora, impaka zayibanjirije zerekanye ko urwego rwa Loni rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu ruzakomeza gukorera hagati y’inyungu za politiki z’ibihugu bikomeye, ibirego byo kubogama n’igitutu cy’abifuza ko rukomeza kuvuga ku ihohoterwa, nubwo ryaba rikozwe n’ibihugu bifite ijambo rikomeye ku isi.
Ibitekerezo