Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yatangije ipiganwa ryo gushaka ibigo bizafatanya na yo kubaka no gucunga ibigo binini bigera kuri birindwi by’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano, bizwi nka “AI gigafactories”, mu mugambi wo kugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’Uburayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’Ubushinwa.
Ibi bigo bizaba ari ibigo binini cyane by’ikoranabuhanga, birimo mudasobwa zifite ubushobozi buhambaye, ibyuma byihariye bizwi nka “chips” cyangwa “processors”, uburyo bwo kubika amakuru menshi, imiyoboro yihuta n’ingufu zihagije. Bizakoreshwa mu guhugura no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya rya AI, by’umwihariko “foundation models” n’imiterere minini y’indimi izwi nka Large Language Models, LLMs.
Ni porogaramu z’ubwenge buhangano zihugurwa hifashishijwe amakuru menshi cyane, zigashobora kwandika, gusubiza ibibazo, guhindura indimi, gukora amafoto na videwo, gufasha mu bushakashatsi cyangwa gusesengura amakuru ahambaye.
Ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2026, ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi gishinzwe mudasobwa zifite ubushobozi buhanitse (European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, EuroHPC JU), cyatangaje ku mugaragaro ko cyatangiye kwakira inyandiko z’abifuza kubaka no gukoresha izi nganda.
EuroHPC JU yavuze ko hazatoranywa amatsinda y’ibigo bya Leta n’iby’abikorera azubaka kandi akazacunga izi nganda mu bihugu bigize Ubumwe bw’Uburayi. EuroHPC JU yemeje ko ipiganwa ryo kubaka AI gigafactories ryafunguwe ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2026.
Komisiyo y’Uburayi ivuga ko ubushobozi bwo kubona mudasobwa zihambaye bwahindutse kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu, ubushakashatsi, umutekano n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Guhugura ubwoko bushya bwa AI bisaba mudasobwa nyinshi cyane zikorera hamwe mu gihe kirekire. Bisaba kandi ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, uburyo buhambaye bwo gukonjesha ibyo byuma, amakuru menshi meza, inzobere n’imiyoboro ishobora guhererekanya amakuru ku muvuduko udasanzwe.
Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cy’ibikorwa remezo bya AI, serivisi zo kubika amakuru kuri interineti n’ibyuma byihariye bikoreshwa mu guhugura AI bigenzurwa n’ibigo byo muri Amerika no muri Aziya.
Ibigo nka Microsoft, Amazon na Google bifite uruhare runini mu isoko rya serivisi za “cloud” mu Burayi. Nvidia na AMD byo muri Amerika na byo biri mu bigo bikomeye ku Isi mu gukora ibyuma byifashishwa mu guhugura no gukoresha AI.
Uburayi bufite ibigo bikomeye by’ubushakashatsi, za kaminuza n’inganda, ariko bukomeje kugira icyuho mu bikorwa remezo binini bishobora guhugura ubwoko bwa AI buhangana n’ubukorwa n’ibigo byo muri Amerika n’Ubushinwa.
Komisiyo ivuga ko iki cyuho gishobora kubangamira ubushobozi bw’Uburayi bwo guhangana ku isoko, guteza imbere siyanse no kwigenga mu nzego z’ikoranabuhanga zifitiye umutekano w’ibihugu akamaro. Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi igaragaza ko kubura ibikorwa remezo binini bya AI ari imbogamizi ku bushobozi bw’Uburayi bwo guhanagana.
Umugambi mushya uri mu ngamba zo kugera ku cyo Bruxelles yita “ubusugire bw’ikoranabuhanga”. Ni ubushobozi bw’Uburayi bwo gukora, kubika no gukoresha amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi butagombye guhora bushingiye ku bigo byo hanze yabwo.
Buri kigo kizagira chips zirenga ibihumbi 100
Buri AI gigafactory iteganya kugira nibura ibyuma kabuhariwe birenga ibihumbi 100 bikoreshwa mu kubara no gutunganya amakuru. Ibyo byuma, ahanini bizaba ari Graphics Processing Units, GPUs, cyangwa ibindi byihutisha imikorere ya AI, bizahuzwa kugira ngo bikore nk’imashini imwe nini cyane.
Mu mateka, GPUs zakozwe cyane cyane kugira ngo zifashe mudasobwa kugaragaza amashusho meza. Abashakashatsi baje kubona ko uburyo izo processors zikoreramo imibare myinshi icyarimwe butuma zinaba ingirakamaro mu guhugura imiterere ya AI.
Ibi bigo bishya bizaba bifite ubushobozi buruta cyane ubw’ibigo bya AI Uburayi busanzwe bufite. Komisiyo ivuga ko zizagenerwa guhugura ubwoko bushya bwa AI bufite za miliyari nyinshi cyangwa tiriliyoni z’ibigize imiterere ya bwo, bizwi nka “parameters”.
Parameters ni imibare AI igenda ihindura mu gihe cyo guhugurwa kugira ngo ishobore kumenya isano iri hagati y’amagambo, amashusho cyangwa andi makuru. Uko icyitegererezo kiba kinini kandi kigahugurwa ku makuru menshi, ni ko akenshi gikenera mudasobwa zikomeye, nubwo ubunini bwonyine butemeza ko AI izakora neza.
Komisiyo ivuga ko AI gigafactories zizibanda kandi ku gukoresha ingufu neza, imiyoboro yizewe yo kugeza ibikoresho aho bikenewe, ububiko bunini bw’amakuru, imiyoboro yihuta no gukoresha AI mu gucunga zimwe mu nshingano z’ibikorwa remezo. EU ivuga ko buri gigafactory izahuza processors zirenga ibihumbi 100 kugira ngo ihugure AI y’igihe kizaza.
Gahunda yose ishobora gukurura ishoramari rirenga miliyari 30 z’amayero. Miliyari 10 z’amayero zitezwe gutangwa n’inzego za Leta, mu gihe nibura miliyari 20 z’amayero zizaturuka mu bigo by’abikorera.
Muri miliyari 10 z’amayero zitezwe mu nzego za Leta, Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ishobora gutanga hafi miliyari 5, ibihugu bizakira cyangwa bizashyigikira imishinga na byo bigatanga izindi miliyari 5.
Gusa Komisiyo ntirabona ayo mafaranga yose. Mu ngengo y’imari isanzwe y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, Bruxelles ishobora guhita yemeza hafi miliyari imwe y’amayero. Andi mafaranga azakenerwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri ategerejwe mu ngengo y’imari y’imyaka myinshi itaha y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (Multiannual Financial Framework, MFF).
Iyo ngengo y’imari izatangira gukurikizwa nyuma ya 2027, ariko iracyaganirwaho n’ibihugu bigize EU. Ibi bivuze ko igice kinini cy’amafaranga Komisiyo ivuga ko izatanga kitaraba icyemezo cya nyuma cyemejwe n’ibihugu byose.
Umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yavuze ko badashobora gufata mbere icyemezo kizafatwa mu biganiro ku ngengo y’imari itaha. Yavuze ko amafaranga yatangajwe ari ikigereranyo cyiza Komisiyo ibona ko ashobora kuboneka kugira ngo icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga gishyigikirwe.
Iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu ipiganwa ryagabanyijwemo ibyiciro bibiri. Icyiciro cya mbere kizakoresha amafaranga ashobora kuboneka mu ngengo y’imari iriho, naho icya kabiri kizashingira ku mafaranga azemezwa mu ngengo y’imari nshya.
Gahunda ya mbere yari yatangajwe na Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, Ursula von der Leyen, yavugaga ikigega cya miliyari 20 z’amayero cyo gushyigikira kubaka AI gigafactories. Uko umugambi wagiye utegurwa, byaje kwemezwa ko abikorera bagomba gutanga hafi bibiri bya gatatu by’ishoramari ryose.
Abikorera bazishyura imikorere ya buri munsi
Amafaranga ya Leta azafasha kugabanya ibyago by’ishoramari no kwishyura igice cyo kugura ibyuma no kubaka ibikorwa remezo. Ibigo by’abikorera bizaba biri muri buri mushinga ni byo bizishyura amafaranga yose yo gukoresha uruganda, harimo amashanyarazi, kubungabunga ibikoresho, umutekano n’imishahara y’abakozi.
Komisiyo isaba ko buri mushinga ugaragaza uburyo uzinjiza amafaranga uhanga serivisi z’ubucuruzi. Ibindi bigo bizacunga ibi bigo bizashobora gukodesha ubushobozi bwa mudasobwa ku masosiyete ya AI, inganda, za kaminuza, abashakashatsi n’ibindi bigo.
Ubumwe bw’Uburayi n’ibihugu byatanze amafaranga bizahabwa igihe cyo gukoresha mudasobwa kingana n’uruhare rwabyo mu ishoramari. Ubwo bushobozi buzashobora guhabwa imishinga ya Leta, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, za kaminuza na laboratwari za AI zatoranyijwe.
Ubu buryo bugamije gutuma amafaranga ya Leta adakoreshwa gusa mu kubaka ibikorwa bizungukira abikorera. Komisiyo ishaka ko abaturage n’ibigo bya Leta na byo bigira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha izo mudasobwa mu bushakashatsi no mu mishinga ifitiye rubanda akamaro.
Izo mudasobwa zishobora kwifashishwa mu gukora AI ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, gushakashaka imiti, kumenya ihinddagurika ry’ikirere, guteza imbere inganda, ubuhinzi, ubwikorezi, ingufu, serivisi z’imari, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu kirere n’imikorere y’inzego za Leta.
Ibihugu 10 byifuza kwakira ibi bigo
Nibura ibihugu 10 by’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi byagaragaje ko bifuza kwakira imwe muri izi AI gigafactories. Birimo Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Pologne, Repubulika ya Tchèque, Danemark, Finlande, Ubugereki, Portugal na Espagne.
Ibihugu bishobora gutanga umushinga umwe umwe cyangwa bigakora ihuriro rihuriweho n’ibihugu byinshi. Ubufaransa bwamaze kugaragaza ko bushaka gutanga umushinga wa bwo bwonyine.
Komisiyo yaguye umubare w’ibigo bizatoranywa, uva kuri bine cyangwa bitanu byari byarateganyijwe mbere ugera kuri birindwi. Ivuga ko ibi byatewe n’ubwitabire bw’ibigo byagaragaje ubushake bwo gushora imari no gushaka ko ibikorwa remezo bikwirakwizwa mu bice bitandukanye by’Uburayi.
Mu 2025, amatsinda 76 yari yaragaragaje ubushake bwo gutanga imishinga. Yari arimo ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga, ibicunga imibare, ibigo by’itumanaho, abatanga ingufu n’abashoramari.
Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yo ivuga ko yakiriye ibyifuzo 77 byateganyaga kubaka ibi bigo mu bihugu 16 no mu bice 60 bitandukanye. Imibare ya 76 cyangwa 77 iterwa n’uburyo ibyifuzo n’amatsinda yabitanze byabaruwe. Ibyo byifuzo byose hamwe byagaragazaga gahunda yo kugura nibura processors za AI zo mu rwego rugezweho zigera kuri miliyoni eshatu.
Icyakora, kugaragaza ubushake ntibyari ukwemererwa kubaka ikigo cyangwa guhabwa amafaranga. Ipiganwa ryafunguwe ubu ni ryo rizakoreshwa mu gusuzuma abujuje ibisabwa no guhitamo imishinga izashyigikirwa.
Impungenge ko ibihugu bikize ari byo bizatsinda
Imishinga minini y’Uburayi ikenera ko ibihugu bitanga amafaranga ku ruhande rwa byo ikunze kunengwa ko ishobora kugirira akamaro cyane ibihugu bikize.
Igihugu gifite ingengo y’imari nini gishobora kwemerera umushinga amafaranga menshi, kikagira amahirwe yo gutsinda kurusha igihugu gito cyangwa gifite ibibazo by’ubukungu. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga byibanda mu bihugu bike byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Uburayi.
Komisiyo ivuga ko mu guhitamo imishinga izita ku gukwirakwiza ibikorwa remezo mu turere dutandukanye. Kuba amatsinda ahuriweho n’ibihugu byinshi yemerewe gupiganwa na byo bishobora gufasha ibihugu bidafite ubushobozi bwo kubaka ikigo cyose byonyine.
Ikindi kibazo ni amashanyarazi. AI gigafactories zizakenera ingufu nyinshi kandi zihoraho, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukonjesha ibikoresho bishyuha cyane. Ibihugu bifite amashanyarazi ahagije, ahendutse kandi atangiza ikirere cyane bishobora kugira amahirwe kurusha ibindi.
Umushinga uzaba ugomba kugaragaza aho amashanyarazi azaturuka, uburyo ibikoresho bizakonjeshwa, ingaruka ku bidukikije n’uburyo hazirindwa ko data centre ibangamira abaturage cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bikenera amazi n’ingufu.
Ubusugire bwa AI bugishingiye kuri chips zo hanze
Nubwo umugambi ugamije kongera ubwigenge bw’ikoranabuhanga bw’Uburayi, ibyinshi mu byuma bikomeye izi nganda zizakenera bizakomeza guturuka mu bigo bitari iby’i Burayi.
Komisiyo yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’ibigo bitatu bikora chips, ari byo Nvidia, AMD na Qualcomm. Byose ni ibigo byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Ibi byatumye bamwe bibaza niba koko Uburayi bushobora kuvuga ko bugiye kubaka ibikorwa remezo “byigenga”, mu gihe ibikoresho by’ingenzi bizakoresha bikomoka ku masosiyete yo hanze ya bwo.
Abayobozi ba EU bavuga ko intego y’ako kanya ari ukubona ubushobozi bwo gukora AI mu Burayi no kugenzura ibikorwa remezo, amakuru n’uburyo bwo kubikoresha. Mu gihe kirekire, isoko rinini ry’izi nganda ritezwe gufasha guteza imbere ibigo by’i Burayi bishushanya cyangwa bikora processors.
Komisiyo ivuga ko mu gusuzuma abapiganwa izanareba ingamba zo kwirinda ko uruganda ruhora ruboshywe ku mutanga umwe w’ibikoresho. Ibyo bizwi nka “vendor lock-in”, aho guhindura uwatanze ibyuma cyangwa porogaramu biba bigoye kandi bigahenda cyane.
Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Komisiyo yavuze ko EU izi ko ishaka kongera ubushobozi bw’Uburayi, ariko ikanemera ko ikeneye gutangira gukora AI ikomeye ubu. Yavuze ko ikibazo ari ukubona uburinganire hagati yo kugera ku bwigenge mu gihe kizaza no gukoresha ibikoresho bihari muri iki gihe.
AI Factories bitandukanye na gigafactories
Ubumwe bw’Uburayi busanzwe bufite gahunda ya “AI Factories”, ariko ntabwo ibigo bivugwa muri iyo gahunda bingana na AI gigafactories biri muri iri piganwa.
AI Factories zisanzwe ni ibigo bihuza mudasobwa zihambaye za EuroHPC, amakuru, inzobere, za kaminuza, ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse n’abashakashatsi. Zifasha ibigo byo mu Burayi kubona ubushobozi bwa mudasobwa no gutegura porogaramu za AI.
Komisiyo ivuga ko ubu hari AI Factories 19 n’amashami ya zo 13 yiswe “Antennas”. Zihuza ibigo byo mu bihugu bitandukanye kandi zigafasha imishinga ya AI mu buvuzi, inganda, ikirere, imari n’izindi nzego.
AI gigafactories zo zizaba nini cyane kurushaho. Zigenewe guhugura no gukoresha ubwoko bwa AI bugezweho cyane, ku gipimo gisaba processors zirenga ibihumbi 100. AI Factories zisanzwe zishobora gufasha imishinga mito n’iciriritse, mu gihe gigafactories zizaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora AI nini yo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Komisiyo ivuga ko AI Factories 19 zisanzwe zikora kandi zigaha amahirwe ibigo bishya n’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse. EU isabonaura ko AI Factories zihari zihuza mudasobwa, amakuru n’impano naho gigafactories zikazibanda ku guhugura AI nini cyane.
Bizatangira gukora hagati mu 2028
Imishinga izatsinda ipiganwa iteganya gutangira imirimo yo kubaka mu ntangiriro za 2027. Ibigo bya mbere bigomba kuba byiteguye gutangira gukora hagati mu 2028.
Komisiyo y’Uburayi yaherukaga kunengwa kubera gutinza uyu mushinga. Ipiganwa ryari ryitezwe mbere y’igihe ryaje gusubikwa inshuro zitandukanye, mu gihe ibigo byo muri Amerika n’Ubushinwa byo bikomeje kubaka data centres nini no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhugura AI.
Abanenga iyi gahunda bavuga ko umuvuduko w’iterambere rya AI ushobora gutuma ibikorwa remezo bizatangira gukora mu 2028 bisanga ikoranabuhanga ryarateye indi ntera. Komisiyo yo ivuga ko kugabanya umushinga mu byiciro bizatuma ubushobozi bwubakwa buhoro buhoro kandi ibikoresho bikajya bivugururwa.
Hari n’ikibazo cy’uko miliyoni cyangwa miliyari z’amayero zizashorwa muri AI zigomba kugendana n’amategeko yo kurinda amakuru, umutekano n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage. EU ivuga ko AI izakorerwa muri izi nganda igomba kubahiriza amategeko yayo, arimo AI Act n’amabwiriza yo kurinda amakuru bwite.
Ursula von der Leyen yatangaje bwa mbere umugambi wa AI gigafactories mu nama mpuzamahanga ya AI yabereye i Paris muri Gashyantare 2025. Icyo gihe yavuze ko yifuza ko Uburayi bugira ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho byagereranywa na CERN, ikigo gikomeye cy’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubugenge giherereye hafi ya Genève.
Kugera kuri iyo ntego bizaterwa n’uko EU izabona amafaranga yemereye umushinga, ubushake bw’abikorera, ubushobozi bw’ibihugu bwo gutanga ingufu n’ahantu ho kubaka, hamwe no kubona chips zihagije ku isoko rikomeje kurangwa n’ihangana rikomeye.
Nubwo kubaka inganda zirindwi bitazahita bikuraho icyuho cyose kiri hagati y’Uburayi, Amerika n’Ubushinwa, ni rimwe mu ishoramari rinini EU iteganya mu bikorwa remezo bya AI. Intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa kwa ryo bishobora kugena niba u Burayi buzaba umwe mu bayobora ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano cyangwa niba buzakomeza gushingira ku bikoresho na serivisi bituruka hanze yabwo.
Ibitekerezo