Gloria Steinem, umunyamakuru, umwanditsi n’impirimbanyi wabaye ikimenyabose mu rugamba rwo guharanira uburenganzira bw’abagore muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, yapfuye afite imyaka 92.
Steinem yapfuye ku wa 2 Nzeri 2026, ari iwe mu Mujyi wa New York, akikijwe n’abantu bamukundaga. Umuryango we watangaje ko yapfuye mu mahoro, ariko ntiwahita ugaragaza icyateye urupfu rwe nk’uko tubikesha Associated Press.
Yavutse ku wa 25 Werurwe 1934 i Toledo muri Leta ya Ohio. Yamenyekanye cyane kuva mu myaka ya 1960 na 1970, ubwo ibikorwa bye by’ubunyamakuru n’ubukangurambaga byamugiraga rimwe mu majwi akomeye y’impinduramatwara y’abagore izwi nka second-wave feminism.
Mu 1963, Steinem yakoze inkuru icukumbuye yise A Bunny’s Tale, nyuma yo kwiyoberanya agakorera muri Playboy Club y’i New York. Iyo nkuru yashyize ku karubanda uburyo abagore bahakoraga bakoreshwaga mu buryo bubatesha agaciro kandi bakoreraga mu bihe bibangamiye uburenganzira bwabo.
Yashinze ikinyamakuru cyavugiraga abagore
Mu 1971, Steinem na bagenzi be batangije inomero y’igerageza y’ikinyamakuru Ms., ibanza gusohoka nk’umugereka w’ikinyamakuru New York Magazine. Mu 1972, Ms. yatangiye gusohoka nk’ikinyamakuru cyigenga, gifite intego yo kuvuga ku bibazo by’abagore bitahabwaga umwanya uhagije mu bitangazamakuru.
Icyo gihe, ibinyamakuru byinshi byandikirwaga abagore byibandaga ku guteka, kurera abana, ubwiza n’imideli. Ms. yo yazanye ibiganiro ku buringanire, uburenganzira bw’imyororokere, ihohoterwa, ivangura mu kazi, politiki n’ubutabera.
Steinem yasobanuye ko icyatumye bashinga icyo kinyamakuru ari uko abagore bandikaga n’abakoraga mu itangazamakuru batabonaga urubuga rubemerera kuvuga ukuri ku buzima bwa bo.
Izina Ms. ryatoranyijwe kugira ngo umugore ashobore kwitwa mu buryo butagaragaza niba yarashatse cyangwa atarashaka, bitandukanye na Miss cyangwa Mrs. Ikinyamakuru cyakomeje kuba urubuga rukomeye rw’ibitekerezo biharanira uburenganzira n’icyubahiro by’abagore.
Inomero ya cyo ya mbere yanagaragayemo inyandiko yari iherekejwe n’amazina y’abagore barenga 50, barimo Steinem, banditse ko bakuyemo inda, basaba ko icyo gikorwa cyemerwa n’amategeko. Icyo gihe iki cyari ikibazo cyavugwaga mu ibanga rikomeye muri Amerika.
Yaranzwe no guharanira impinduka
Mbere yo gushinga Ms., Steinem yari yarafashije gutangiza New York Magazine mu 1968. Mu 1971, yafatanije na Brenda Feigen na Dorothy Pitman-Hughes gushinga Women’s Action Alliance, umuryango wafashaga abagore kurwanya ivangura no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imiryango ya bo.
Yanagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya National Women’s Political Caucus, ryashyigikiraga abagore bifuzaga kujya mu nzego zifatirwamo ibyemezo, ndetse aza gufasha gushinga Women’s Media Center, ikigi kigamije kongera ijwi n’uruhare rw’abagore mu itangazamakuru.
Steinem yaharaniye kandi uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda, guhembwa kimwe ku bagore n’abagabo, kurwanya ivanguramoko, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’ihezwa ry’abaryamana bahuje igitsina.
Mu 2013, Barack Obama wari Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yamuhaye umudali w’ikirenga wa Presidential Medal of Freedom, kubera uruhare rwe mu guharanira uburinganire n’ubutabera.
Nubwo yapfuye, umurage wa Gloria Steinem uzakomeza kugaragarira mu itangazamakuru no mu miryango yashinzwe kugira ngo abagore babone urubuga, bavuge ibibazo byabo kandi bagire uruhare rungana n’urw’abagabo mu miyoborere n’iterambere.
Ibitekerezo