Iyo ugeze i Møvik, ku nkengero z’umujyi wa Kristiansand mu majyepfo ya Norvège, nta gihita kikwereka ko winjiye ahantu habitse amateka akomeye y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi arimo imbunda ipima toni 337.
Uhabona amashyamba, amabuye, inzira zizamuka umusozi n’inyanja ya Skagerrak igaragara kure. Ariko uko ukomeza kuzamuka, utangira kubona inyubako nini za beto, ibirindiro byubatse munsi y’ubutaka n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibikorwa bya gisirikare bimaze imyaka isaga 80.
Hagati muri ibyo byose, hari ikintu gikurura amaso: imbunda nini ipima toni 337, ifite umunwa muremure werekeje ku nyanja.
Ku Cyumweru, tariki ya 23 Kanama 2026, Kigali24 yasuye inzu ndangamurage ya Kristiansand Kanonmuseum, iherereye i Møvik, kugira ngo irebe iyi mbunda n’ibindi bimenyetso by’amateka bikiri muri iki gihome.
Aha hahoze hitwa Batterie Vara, kimwe mu birindiro bikomeye ingabo z’Abanazi b’Abadage zubatse muri Norvège mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.
Uyu munsi nta rusaku rw’amasasu ruhari. Abasirikare basimbuwe na ba mukerarugendo, naho ibikoresho by’intambara byahindutse ibyo kwigishirizaho amateka. Ibyinshi mu byubatswe icyo gihe biracyahari.
Imbunda ipima toni 337
Imbunda iri i Møvik ni iyo mu bwoko bwa 38 cm S.K. C/34. Yakozwe mu 1940 n’uruganda rwa Friedrich Krupp rwari ruherereye i Essen mu Budage.
Amakuru ya Vest-Agder-museet, icunga Kristiansand Kanonmuseum, agaragaza ko iyi mbunda ipima toni 337. Umuyoboro wa yo ufite uburebure bwa metero 19.75, wonyine ugapima toni 110.
Iyo uyirebera ku ifoto, kumva ubunini bwayo biragoye. Ariko iyo uhagaze iruhande, ni bwo ubona ko ari igikoresho cy’intambara cyakozwe ku gipimo kidasanzwe.
Iyi nzu ndangamurage ivuga ko ari imbunda ya kabiri nini kurusha izindi zose zigeze gushyirwa ku butaka. Iri i Møvik kandi ni yo yonyine yuzuye yo muri ubu bwoko isigaye ku isi.
Imbunda zo muri ubu bwoko zanakoreshwaga ku mato y’intambara y’Abadage ya Bismarck na Tirpitz. Iyi yo ntiyashyizwe mu bwato, ahubwo yubakiwe umwanya wa yo ku musozi wa Møvik.
Impamvu yashyizwe i Kristiansand
Kugira ngo wumve impamvu Abadage bashyize iyi mbunda i Møvik, bisaba kureba aho Kristiansand iherereye.
Mu majyepfo ya Norvège hari inyanja ya Skagerrak, iri hagati ya Norvège na Denmark. Mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, Ubudage bwari bwarigaruriye Norvège kandi bukeneye kurinda inzira amato ya bwo yakoreshaga hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Abadage banashakaga kubuza amato y’intambara y’ibihugu byabarwanyaga kwinjira muri Skagerrak. Ni muri urwo rwego bubatse Batterie Vara i Møvik.
Ku rundi ruhande rw’inyanja, i Hanstholm muri Denmark, hubatswe ikindi kirindiro gikomeye. Ibyo birindiro byombi, bifatanyije n’ibisasu byari byarashyizwe mu nyanja, byari bigamije gutuma Skagerrak iba inzira igoye ku mato y’umwanzi.
Imbunda zari muri ibyo birindiro zashoboraga kurasa ku ntera igera kuri kilometero 55.
Iyo uhagaze ku musozi wa Møvik ukareba Skagerrak, uhita wumva impamvu aha hantu hari hafite agaciro gakomeye mu bya gisirikare.
Kubaka Batterie Vara byatangiye mu 1941
Imirimo yo kubaka iki gihome yatangiye mu mpeshyi ya 1941. Wari umushinga munini wasabye abakozi benshi n’ibikoresho biremereye.
Amakuru ya Vest-Agder-museet agaragaza ko mu mpera za 1941, i Møvik hari abakozi 744 b’Abanya-Norvège, 231 b’Abanya-Denmark na 31 b’Abadage. Hari kandi Abadage 356 bari inzobere mu kubaka ibihome.
Nyuma haje no gukoreshwa imfungwa z’intambara z’Abasoviyeti. Kuva mu 1942, ibikorwa byo kubaka byayoborwaga na Organisation Todt, urwego rw’Abadage rwari rushinzwe imishinga minini y’ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare.
Ubunini bw’imbunda bushobora gutuma abasuye aha hantu bibagirwa abantu bakoze kugira ngo iki gihome cyubakwe. Ibirindiro bya beto, inzira, ibyumba byo munsi y’ubutaka n’imyanya y’imbunda byasabye imbaraga z’abantu benshi, bamwe muri bo bakaba barakoreshwaga ku gahato.
Hari hateganyijwe imbunda enye
Batterie Vara yari yarateganyirijwe imbunda enye zo mu bwoko bwa 38 cm, ariko si zose zashyizwe mu myanya ya zo.
Imbunda ebyiri zageragejwe mu 1942, iya gatatu na yo ishyirwaho muri uwo mwaka. Mu ntangiriro za 1943, iki gihome cyari gifite imbunda eshatu nini ziteguye gukoreshwa.
Iya kane ntiyigeze ishyirwa mu mwanya wa yo.
Abasirikare bagera kuri 480 bo mu ngabo z’Ubudage zirwanira mu mazi ni bo bari bashinzwe kurinda no gukoresha iki gihome.
Iyo uzengurutse Møvik, ubona imyanya minini yubatse muri beto n’ibindi bisigazwa bigaragaza ko aha hantu hatari haragenewe imbunda imwe gusa. Hari harateganyijwe ikigo kinini cy’intambara.
Isasu rimwe ryapimaga 800 kg
Mu bikoresho Kigali24 yabonye imbere mu nzu ndangamurage harimo amasasu y’ubunini butandukanye. Amwe ni manini ku buryo uyarebye ahita yibaza uburyo yashyirwaga mu mbunda.
Imbunda ya 38 cm yashoboraga gukoresha isasu ripima hafi ibiro 800, rikaraswa ku ntera igera kuri kilometero 43.
Hari n’amasasu yoroheje yapimaga hafi ibiro 500, yashoboraga kugera ku ntera ya kilometero 55. Iyi mbunda yashoboraga kurasa hafi isasu rimwe mu munota.
Uburemere bw’ayo masasu bwatumye imbere mu birindiro hubakwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyabika, kuyimura no kuyageza ku mbunda. Bimwe mu bikoresho byakoreshwaga muri iyo mirimo biracyahari.
Ibi bigaragaza ko iyi mbunda itakoraga yonyine, ahubwo yari igice cy’uruganda ruto rw’intambara rwakoreraga munsi no hagati mu nyubako za beto.
Imbere mu gihome
Kigali24 yaninjiye imbere mu gice imbunda ikoreramo. Aho ni ho bigaragara ko ibonwa hanze ari agace gato gusa k’ikoranabuhanga ryari rihari.
Harimo imashini, ibyuma binini n’uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu kuzamura no kwimura amasasu. Buri gice cyari gifite inshingano yacyo kugira ngo imbunda ibashe gukora.
Ibirindiro by’izi mbunda byari bifite ubuso bugera kuri metero kare 530. Imbere habaga ahabikwa amasasu, ibyumba by’abasirikare, ubwiherero n’aho umuriro w’amashanyarazi wakorerwaga.
Hanze na ho hari urusobe rw’ibirindiro, imyanya y’imbunda nto n’inzira zahuzaga ibice bitandukanye by’ikigo.
Batterie Vara rero ntiyari imbunda nini gusa, ahubwo yari ikigo cya gisirikare cyuzuye.
Ibikoresho by’intambara biracyahari
Mu byumba by’inzu ndangamurage, Kigali24 yabonye telefone n’ibikoresho by’itumanaho, ibyifashishwaga mu kureba no gupima intera, imyenda ya gisirikare, imbunda nto n’amasasu atandukanye.
Hari n’umwambaro w’ingabo z’Abadage zirwanira mu mazi wanditseho “Kriegsmarine.”
Ibi bikoresho bigaragaza ko kurasa ku ntego iri kure mu nyanja bitasabaga imbunda n’isasa gusa. Hari hakenewe abapima intera, abakurikiranaga icyerekezo cy’intego, abatangaga amakuru n’abakoreshaga imashini.
Ni yo mpamvu Batterie Vara yari ikigo cyari gikeneye abasirikare babarirwa mu magana.
Si amateka y’intwaro gusa
Kimwe mu bice biri muri iyi nzu ndangamurage cyitwa “Menneskene og Møvik – Historier om krigen og fortet 1941–1959,” bisobanura “Abantu na Møvik: Inkuru z’intambara n’igihome, 1941–1959.”
Iki gice kigaragaza ko amateka ya Møvik atagarukira ku mbunda. Ni n’amateka y’abantu bahabaye n’abahakoze.
Harimo abasirikare b’Abadage, Abanya-Norvège, Abanya-Denmark n’Abadage bakoze imirimo yo kubaka. Harimo kandi imfungwa z’intambara z’Abasoviyeti zakoreshejwe mu mirimo iremereye.
Nyuma y’intambara, ingabo za Norvège na zo zakomeje gukoresha iki gihome.
Intambara yararangiye, Møvik irakomeza
Ubudage bwatsinzwe mu 1945, ariko imbunda n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bya Møvik ntibyahise bisenywa. Ikigo cyaje gushyirwa mu birindiro by’ingabo za Norvège zari zishinzwe kurinda inkombe.
Vest-Agder-museet ivuga ko iyi mbunda nini yarashwe bwa nyuma mu 1952. Møvik Fort yakomeje gukoreshwa mu bya gisirikare, iza gufungwa burundu mu 1959.
Imbunda ebyiri zari zisigaye zarashwanyagujwe, ariko imwe irarokoka. Ni yo Kigali24 yasuye nyuma y’imyaka isaga 80.
Nyuma y’imyaka 84 iracyashobora kuzunguruka
Kimwe mu bitangaje kuri iyi mbunda ni uko itabitswe nk’icyuma kitagikora. Imashini za yo za kera ziracyashobora kuyizungurutsa.
Vest-Agder-museet ivuga ko umuriro w’amashanyarazi ushobora gutangwa n’imashini ikoresha mazutu, mu buryo busa n’ubwakoreshwaga mu gihe cy’intambara.
Imashini nyamukuru itanga amashanyarazi ni Deutz yakozwe mu 1940, ifite ingufu za kilowati 196.
Mu minsi yihariye, abasuye iyi nzu ndangamurage berekwa uko imbunda izunguruka ikoresheje imashini zayo za kera. Ntikiraswa, ariko kuba igikoresho gipima toni 337 kigishobora kwimurwa nyuma y’imyaka isaga 80 bituma Møvik iba ahantu hihariye.
Aho intambara yasimbuwe n’amateka
Uyu munsi, inzira za Møvik ntizikinyurwamo n’abasirikare bitegura intambara. Hanyura imiryango, abana, ba mukerarugendo n’abandi bashaka gusobanukirwa amateka.
Amasasu manini ntakijyanwa ku mbunda. Imyenda ya gisirikare ibitse mu birahure, naho telefone zakoreshwaga mu bikorwa bya gisirikare zahindutse ibikoresho byo kwigishirizaho amateka.
Imbunda yari yarubakiwe gufasha u Budage kugenzura Skagerrak ubu ihagaze nk’ikimenyetso cy’intambara yahinduye amateka y’Uburayi.
Amashyamba yongeye gukura hagati y’inyubako za beto, ba mukerarugendo bazenguruka bafata amafoto, naho inyanja ya Skagerrak ikomeje kugaragara kure nk’uko yagaragaraga mu 1942.
Hagati muri ibyo byose, imbunda ipima toni 337 iracyahagaze. Nyuma y’imyaka 84, ntikiri igikoresho cyo gutegereza no kurasa umwanzi, ahubwo yahindutse urwibutso rufasha ab’iki gihe gusobanukirwa amateka y’intambara.
Iyi nkuru yakozwe nyuma y’uruzinduko Kigali24 yagiriye Kristiansand Kanonmuseum i Møvik, Kristiansand muri Norvège, ku Cyumweru, tariki ya 23 Kanama 2026. Amakuru y’amateka n’imibare byagenzuwe hifashishijwe inyandiko za Vest-Agder-museet/Kristiansand Kanonmuseum.
AMAFOTO: KIGALI24
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