Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Rishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (OHCHR), ryatangaje impungenge zikomeye ku mibereho y’abasare barenga 6,000 baheze mu muhora wa Hormuz, usanzwe ari inzira y’ingenzi inyuramo amato atwara peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa hagati y’Ikigobe cya Perise n’Inyanja ya Oman.
Loni yavuze ko aba basare bahanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye birimo kubura ibiribwa, amazi, ubuvuzi ndetse no kuba ubuzima bwa bo buri mu kaga kubera intambara ikomeje guca ibintu.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Loni ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, Volker Türk, yasabye ibihugu byose birebwa n’iki kibazo, ba nyir’amato n’ibigo bikora ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja gufata ingamba zihuse zo gutabara aba basare, bakavanwa mu bice by’imirwano no kubafasha gusubira mu bihugu bya bo.
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru cyabereye i Genève mu Busuwisi, umuvugizi wa Türk, Shabia Mantoo, yavuze ko ubuzima bw’aba basare bukomeje kujya mu kaga buri munsi, bityo hakenewe igikorwa cyihutirwa cyo kubarokora.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja (IMO) rivuga ko nibura hari abasare 6,000 bari ku mato amagana yaheze mu muhora wa Hormuz. Nubwo habayeho agahenge k’igihe gito hagati y’impande zihanganye, ayo mato ntiyigeze ahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuva muri ako gace cyangwa kwimura abakozi ba yo.
France 24 dukesha iyi nkuru yatangaje ko hari n’abandi basare benshi kugeza ubu bataramenyekana aho baherereye, ibintu bituma impungenge zikomeza kwiyongera.
Loni yavuze ko ari inshingano z’ibihugu ndetse na ba nyir’amato gutanga ubufasha bwa konsila, ibikoresho by’ibanze nk’ibiribwa, amazi meza, imiti ndetse no gutegura uburyo bwihuse bwo kwimura aba basare no kubasubiza mu miryango ya bo.
Mantoo yagize ati: “Impande zihanganye zigomba korohereza aba basare kubona inzira itekanye ibavana mu bice by’imirwano no gutuma bagezwa ahantu bafite umutekano, ndetse bakagezwaho ibikoresho by’ingenzi bibafasha kubaho.”
Intambara hagati ya Iran na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yongeye kubura muri Nyakanga 2026 nyuma y’agahenge kari kamaze ibyumweru bike gusa. Impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi ntambara ni ukwigarurira no kugenzura umuhora wa Hormuz, inzira ifatwa nk’umwe mu miyoboro y’ingenzi y’ubucuruzi ku isi.
Mbere y’iyi ntambara, hafi 20% bya peteroli yose icuruzwa ku isi byanyuraga muri Hormuz. Iyo nzira kandi inyuzwamo gaz karemano n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifatiye runini ubukungu bw’ibihugu byinshi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, buri gitero kibaye muri Hormuz gihita kigira ingaruka ku biciro bya peteroli ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bigatuma ibihugu byinshi bihangayikishwa n’umutekano w’iyi nzira.
Ibitero ku mato y’abasivili bikomeje kwamaganwa
Nubwo ingabo z’Amerika zikomeza kuvuga ko Hormuz ikiri inzira ifunguye ku mato y’ubucuruzi, Iran yakomeje kugaba ibitero ku mato atwara peteroli n’andi mato y’abasivili, ivuga ko ashobora gukomeza kugenda ari uko yishyuye amafaranga yo kuyemerera kunyura muri ako gace.
Loni yavuze ko ibyo bikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abasivili.
Mantoo yagize ati: “Ibitero bigabwa ku mato y’abasivili ntibyemewe kandi bigomba guhita bihagarara. Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ayo mato n’abayakoraho.”
Loni ivuga ko kuva iyi ntambara yatangira mu mpera za Gashyantare 2026, nibura abasare 17 bamaze kwicirwa mu bitero byabereye muri Hormuz, mu gihe abandi benshi bakomeretse cyangwa baburiwe irengero.
Kimwe mu bintu Loni ivuga ko biteye inkeke kurushaho ni uko hari ba nyir’amato bamwe basize abakozi babo hagati mu nyanja nta bufasha babaha.
Raporo yagaragaje ko nibura amato icyenda afite abasare 93 yasizwe hagati mu nyanja nta biribwa, amazi, lisansi, amashanyarazi cyangwa ubuvuzi. Hari n’abamaze amezi badahembwa imishahara ya bo ndetse badafite uburyo bwo kuvugana n’imiryango ya bo.
Mantoo yavuze ko hari abasare bamaze igihe kinini batarya neza, bamwe bakaba barwaye indwara zitandukanye kubera kubura ubuvuzi.
Impuguke mu mategeko mpuzamahanga zivuga ko ibi bishobora gufatwa nk’ikorwa rinyuranyije n’uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse rikaba ryatuma bamwe mu ba nyir’amato bakurikiranwa mu nkiko.
Ubukungu bw’isi bukomeje guhungabanywa
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibibazo biri muri Hormuz bidakora gusa ku bihugu biri mu ntambara, ahubwo bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’isi yose.
Ibiciro bya peteroli bikomeje kuzamuka, amafaranga yo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja yariyongereye, ibigo byinshi by’ubwikorezi bikaba byaratangiye guhindura inzira z’amato ya byo kugira ngo byirinde Hormuz.
Ibi byatumye ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi bizamuka mu bihugu bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Loni yanagaragaje ko ikibazo cy’abasare kitagarukira muri Hormuz gusa. Mu Nyanja y’Azov no mu Nyanja y’Umukara (Black Sea), intambara irakomeje hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine na yo ikomeje gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’abasare.
Ibigo byinshi bitwara ibicuruzwa byahagaritse kujya ku byambu bya Ukraine nyuma y’uko Uburusiya bukajije ibitero ku nkombe z’igice cya Odesa, ari na cyo cyambu gikomeye cya Ukraine.
Loni yemeza ko muri uku kwezi gusa yagenzuye nibura ibitero bine byagabwe ku mato y’abasivili mu karere ka Odesa, aho abantu 34 bakoraga kuri ayo mato bishwe cyangwa bagakomereka.
Ukraine ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza hanze ingano, ibigori, amavuta y’ibihingwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi, kandi hafi 90% bya byo bisohokera ku byambu byo mu Nyanja y’Umukara.
Loni isaba ko ubuzima bw’abasare bwahabwa agaciro
Mu gusoza ubutumwa bwayo, Loni yasabye ko nta musare wagombye guhatirwa kunyura mu bice by’intambara cyangwa guterwa ubwoba n’abakoresha babo igihe yanze kujya mu rugendo rushobora kumuhitana.
Volker Türk yavuze ko abasare ari ingenzi ku bukungu bw’isi kuko ari bo batuma ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bukomeza gukora, bityo hakaba hakwiye gufatwa ingamba zihutirwa zo kubarinda.
Mu gihe intambara hagati ya Iran n’Amerika ikomeje gukaza umurego, amahanga akomeje guhangayikishwa n’uko niba nta gisubizo cyihuse kibonetse, umubare w’abasare bashobora kugwa muri iyi ntambara cyangwa gukomeza guhezwa hagati mu nyanja ushobora kwiyongera, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no ku bukungu bw’isi yose.
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