Abantu bagera kuri 14 bishwe, abandi barenga 18 barakomereka, nyuma y’uko umuntu wari wambaye ibisasu abiturikije hafi ya sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Kabal, mu Kibaya cya Swat giherereye mu Ntara ya Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Pakistan.
Iki gitero cyabaye ku mugoroba wo ku Cyumweru, tariki ya 2 Kanama 2026, hafi y’aho abaturage babarirwa mu magana bari bateraniye mu myigaragambyo yamagana ibitero by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro bikomeje kwiyongera muri ako karere.
Ibiro Ntaramakuru by’Abongereza, Reuters, byatangaje ko abigaragambyaga basabaga ubuyobozi kubashakira amahoro arambye no gufata ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya abarwanyi bamaze igihe bibasira abaturage, abapolisi n’abasirikare.
Polisi yavuze ko uwagabye icyo gitero yegereye amarembo ya sitasiyo ashaka kwinjira, ariko abashinzwe umutekano bagerageje kumuhagarika ngo bamusake. Yahise aturitsa ibisasu yari yambaye, byica abapolisi n’abaturage bari hafi aho.
Imibare yatangajwe n’inzego zitandukanye ntiyahise ihura neza. Polisi yavuze ko mu bapfuye harimo abasivili icyenda n’abapolisi batanu, mu gihe andi makuru ya mbere yavugaga abapolisi batandatu. Reuters yatangaje ko abantu 14 babaruwe mu bapfuye bashobora kuba barimo n’uwagabye igitero, naho Associated Press yo ivuga ko abapolisi batanu n’abasivili icyenda bishwe. Umubare w’abakomeretse na wo wavuzwe hagati ya 18 n’abarenga 20.
Mbere gato y’uko igitero kiba, abaturage bari bateraniye hafi ya sitasiyo ya polisi baririmbaga amagambo yamagana imitwe yitwaje intwaro kandi bagasaba ko umutekano usubizwa mu Kibaya cya Swat.
Abafashe ijambo muri iyo myigaragambyo bavuze ko kurinda abaturage no kurandura ibikorwa by’iterabwoba ari inshingano za Leta. Banenze icyo bafata nk’intege nke z’ubuyobozi mu gukumira abarwanyi bongeye kugaragara muri ako karere.
Bavuze ko abaturage ba Swat badashaka kongera kubaho mu bwoba nk’ubwo banyuzemo mu myaka yashize, ubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yari yarigaruriye uduce twinshi tw’icyo kibaya.
Igitero cyabaye mu gihe abaturage bari bagaragaje ko barambiwe ihohoterwa. Kuba cyaragabwe ahabereye imyigaragambyo isaba amahoro byatumye gifatwa nk’ubutumwa bugamije gutera ubwoba abamagana abarwanyi.
Umuvugizi w’urwego rushinzwe ubutabazi muri Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Bilal Faizi, yavuze ko uwiturikirijeho igisasu yibasiye itsinda ry’abantu bari mu myigaragambyo. Nyuma y’iturika, ubutabazi bwihutiye kugeza inkomere mu bitaro, mu gihe abapolisi bafunze umuhanda n’ahabereye igitero kugira ngo bakusanye ibimenyetso.
Amafoto yafashwe nyuma ya cyo yagaragaje abapolisi benshi bacunga umutekano, imodoka z’imbangukiragutabara zihutira kujyana inkomere kwa muganga n’abahanga mu iperereza basuzuma ibisigazwa by’ibisasu.
Ubuyobozi bwatangaje ko bwatangiye ibikorwa byo gushakisha abantu bose bashobora kuba barafashije uwagabye igitero, haba mu kumugeza aho cyabereye, kumuha ibisasu cyangwa kumuha amakuru yerekeye gahunda y’imyigaragambyo.
TTP yemeye ko ari yo yagabye igitero
Umutwe wa Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, uzwi cyane ku izina rya TTP cyangwa Abatalibani bo muri Pakistan, wasohoye itangazo uvuga ko ari wo wagabye icyo gitero.
TTP yashinzwe mu 2007 ihuriza hamwe amatsinda y’abarwanyi akorera cyane mu duce two mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Pakistan. Nubwo ifite imyumvire ijya gusa n’iy’Abatalibani bayobora Afghanistan, ni umutwe wigenga ufite ubuyobozi n’intego bya wo.
Intego ya wo ikomeye ni uguhirika ubutegetsi bwa Pakistan no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuyobora igihugu bushingiye ku gusobanura amategeko ya kiyisilamu mu buryo bukakaye. Umaze imyaka ugaba ibitero ku ngabo, polisi, abayobozi ba Leta no ku baturage batavuga rumwe na wo.
Mu myaka yashize, TTP yagabye ibitero byinshi birimo iby’ubwiyahuzi, gutega ibisasu ku mihanda, kugaba ibitero kuri sitasiyo za polisi no kwica abayobozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze. Abapolisi n’abasirikare bakorera mu bice byegereye umupaka w’Afghanistan ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane.
Ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe byongeye kwiyongera nyuma y’uko amasezerano y’agahenge wari waragiranye na Leta ya Pakistan aseswa mu mpera za 2022. Kuva icyo gihe, TTP yakajije ibitero, cyane cyane muri Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa no mu duce twahoze twitwa uturere tw’amoko two ku mupaka.
Swat yongeye gusatira ibihe by’umwijima
Ikibaya cya Swat ni agace kazwiho ubwiza nyaburanga, imisozi n’ubukerarugendo. Hari igihe cyitwaga “Ubusuwisi bwa Pakistan” kubera imiterere ya cyo n’uduce duteye amabengeza. Ariko amateka ya cyo aheruka yanaranzwe n’intambara zikomeye.
Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 2000, abarwanyi bari bafitanye isano na TTP bigaruriye ibice byinshi bya Swat, bashyiraho ubutegetsi bukakaye kandi babuza ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo uburezi bw’abakobwa.
Ni muri ako karere Malala Yousafzai, waje guhabwa Igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel, yarasiwe n’abarwanyi ba TTP mu 2012 kubera ubukangurambaga bwe bwo gushyigikira uburenganzira bw’abakobwa bwo kwiga.
Ingabo za Pakistan zagabye ibikorwa bikomeye byo kwirukana abarwanyi muri Swat, bituma umutekano wongera kugaruka mu bice byinshi. Abaturage benshi bari barahunze basubiye mu ngo za bo, amashuri arongera arafungurwa, ubukerarugendo na bwo butangira kuzahuka.
Icyakora, mu myaka iheruka abaturage bakomeje kuvuga ko hari abarwanyi bongeye kugaragara mu misozi no mu byaro bya Swat. Ibyo byatumye hakorwa imyigaragambyo myinshi y’amahoro, aho abaturage basaba ko Leta idatuma akarere ka bo kongera kugwa mu maboko y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Igitero cya Kabal cyabereye hafi y’ahigeze kuba ibindi byago. Muri Mata 2023, ibiturika byabereye mu nyubako yakoreshwaga n’urwego rwa polisi rushinzwe kurwanya iterabwoba muri Kabal byahitanye abantu 17, bikomeretsa abarenga 50. Iperereza ryaje kwibanda ku kuba umuriro ushobora kuba warafashe ibisasu n’amasasu yari abitswe mu nyubako.
Umwuka mubi hagati ya Pakistan n’Afghanistan
Umutekano muke muri Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa ugira ingaruka no ku mubano wa Pakistan na Afghanistan. Islamabad imaze igihe ishinja ubutegetsi bw’Abatalibani b’Afghanistan guha icumbi no kwihanganira abarwanyi ba TTP bakorera ku butaka bwa yo.
Pakistan ivuga ko bamwe muri abo barwanyi bambuka umupaka bakagaba ibitero ku basirikare n’abapolisi ba yo, nyuma bakongera gusubira muri Afghanistan. Kabul ikomeza guhakana ibyo birego, ikavuga ko itemera ko ubutaka bwa yo bukoreshwa mu guhungabanya umutekano w’ibindi bihugu.
Nubwo Abatalibani b’Afghanistan na TTP ari imitwe itandukanye, ihuzwa n’amateka, imyumvire n’imikoranire imaze igihe. Intsinzi y’Abatalibani muri Afghanistan muri Kanama 2021 yabonwe n’abasesenguzi nk’iyateye imbaraga amatsinda y’abarwanyi yo muri Pakistan.
Pakistan yagiye isaba Kabul gufata ingamba zikomeye kuri TTP, ariko iki kibazo cyakomeje guteza kutumvikana hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Rimwe na rimwe, habaye gufunga imipaka, kurasana hagati y’ingabo z’ibihugu byombi no gushinjanya kurenga ku busugire bw’igihugu.
Iyo mibanire mibi ituma kurwanya abarwanyi birushaho kugorana, kuko umupaka muremure kandi w’imisozi utuma bashobora kwimuka no kwihisha mu buryo bworoshye.
Perezida wa Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari, na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Shehbaz Sharif, bamaganye igitero cya Kabal, bihanganisha imiryango y’ababuze aba bo.
Sharif yavuze ko yashenguwe n’urupfu rw’abaturage n’abapolisi, ategeka ko abakomeretse bahabwa ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi bwiza. Yanavuze ko igihugu cye kizakomeza urugamba rwo kurandura iterabwoba.
Minisitiri w’Umutekano w’Imbere mu Gihugu, Mohsin Naqvi, na we yamaganye icyo gitero, avuga ko kwibasira abaturage bari mu myigaragambyo y’amahoro ari igikorwa cy’ubugome.
Nubwo abayobozi ba Pakistan bakunze gutangaza ko imitwe y’iterabwoba izatsindwa, ibitero bikomeje kugaragaza ko ikibazo cy’umutekano kidashobora gukemurwa n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare byonyine.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko hakenewe kunozwa ikusanyamakuru, kongera ubufatanye hagati y’inzego z’umutekano, kurinda neza ibiterane by’abaturage no gukurikirana imiyoboro iha abarwanyi amafaranga, intwaro n’abinjira mu mitwe ya bo.
Hari kandi abavuga ko Leta ikwiye gukemura ibibazo by’ubukene, ubushomeri, kutagira amashuri ahagije no kumva ko abaturage bo mu turere two ku mipaka bahejwe. Ibyo bibazo bishobora korohereza imitwe yitwaje intwaro gushaka abayoboke bashya, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko rutabona akazi.
Inzego z’umutekano zikomeje kwibasirwa
Igitero cya Kabal kije gikurikira urukurikirane rw’ibindi bitero byibasiye Pakistan. Mu mezi ashize, abarwanyi bateye ibirindiro bya gisirikare, sitasiyo za polisi, imisigiti, gari ya moshi n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa ni yo ntara ikunze kwibasirwa n’imitwe ijyanye na TTP, mu gihe Intara ya Balochistan yo ihanganye n’inyeshyamba z’abashaka kwitandukanya na Pakistan. Hari kandi amatsinda afitanye isano na Islamic State akomeje guteza umutekano muke, cyane cyane yibasira amatsinda y’amadini.
Ibi bituma Pakistan irwanira ku mpande nyinshi icyarimwe. Inzego zayo z’umutekano zigomba guhangana n’imitwe ifite intego zitandukanye, ikorera mu turere tw’imisozi kandi rimwe na rimwe ikambuka imipaka.
Abapolisi bo mu nzego z’ibanze ni bo bakunze kugwa mu kaga gakomeye. Akenshi bakorera mu duce twitaruye bafite ibikoresho bike ugereranyije n’intwaro n’uburyo bukoreshwa n’abarwanyi. Kuba sitasiyo ya polisi yaribasiwe mu gihe abaturage bari hafi yayo bigaragaza ko n’ahafatwa nk’aharinzwe hashobora kugabwaho ibitero.
Ku baturage ba Swat, iki gitero cyabaye ikimenyetso kibabaje cy’uko amahoro basaba agikomeje kuba kure. Abari bateraniye i Kabal ntibari bagiye kurwana; bari bagiye kugaragaza ko barambiwe urugomo. Kuba barishwe bazira gusaba umutekano bishobora kongera ubwoba, ariko bishobora no gutuma abaturage barushaho gusaba Leta kubarinda.
Iperereza rizagaragaza uburyo uwagabye igitero yageze hafi ya sitasiyo ya polisi, abantu bamufashije n’uko inzego z’umutekano zishobora gukumira ibindi bitero. Hagati aho, imiryango 14 iri mu cyunamo, inkomere ziracyavurwa, naho abaturage ba Swat bakomeje gusaba ikintu kimwe bamaze imyaka baharanira: kubaho nta bwoba bw’ibisasu n’amasasu.
Ibitekerezo