Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) yongeye gukoresha urubuga mpuzamahanga mu gusaba amahanga gushyira imbaraga mu kurwanya icuruzwa n’icukurwa ry’umutungo kamere bikorwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ivuga ko ari imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zikomeje gukongeza intambara n’umutekano muke, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu.
Ubu butumwa bwatanzwe mu gihe RDC yari iyoboye Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU), aho Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa RDC, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, yasomye ijambo rya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, ryibanze ku ruhare umutungo kamere ugira mu kubaka amahoro cyangwa kuwusenya.
Perezida Tshisekedi yavuze ko umutungo kamere wari ukwiye kuba ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’ibihugu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ariko ko mu bice byinshi by’isi, cyane cyane muri Afurika, wahindutse intandaro y’intambara, ibikorwa by’iterabwoba ndetse n’ubukene bukabije.
Yagize ati: “Mu bice byinshi by’isi, umutungo kamere ukomeje kuba isoko y’intambara, ugatanga amafaranga afasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ugacogoza ubushobozi bw’ibihugu, mu gihe abaturage bo batabona inyungu zikwiye zikomoka ku mutungo w’igihugu cyabo.”
Perezida Tshisekedi yavuze ko ikibazo gikomeye cyane igihugu cye gihanganye na cyo kiri mu ntara zo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, zirimo Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Kivu y’Epfo, Ituri na Maniema, aho hakungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro nka zahabu, coltan, cassitérite, wolframite, cobalt na lithium.
Yavuze ko ayo mabuye acukurwa n’amatsinda yitwaje intwaro cyangwa se n’abacuruzi bakorana na yo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, amafaranga avuyemo akaba ari yo afasha gukomeza intambara imaze imyaka irenga 30 ihitana abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ndetse ikanasiga abandi miliyoni barahunze ingo za bo.
Yagize ati: “Mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu cyacu, amahoro arambye ntashobora kuboneka tutabanje guhashya icukurwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro rinyuranyije n’amategeko, gusenya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, guhagarika imiyoboro iyitera inkunga no gufunga inzira amabuye ava mu bice by’intambara anyuramo mbere yo kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga.”
Umutungo ugomba kubyara amahoro aho kubyara intambara
Perezida wa RDC yavuze ko igihugu cye cyifuza ko umutungo kamere wahinduka isoko y’amajyambere n’ubufatanye aho kuba intandaro y’intambara.
Yaburiye ko ikibazo cyo gukoresha umutungo kamere mu gutera inkunga intambara kitakiri ikibazo cya RDC gusa, ahubwo ko kibangamiye amahoro n’umutekano ku rwego rw’isi yose.
Yagize ati: “Iyo umutungo kamere ukoreshwa mu guteza intambara aho guteza imbere igihugu, icyo gihe kiba kitakiri ikibazo cy’igihugu kimwe gusa, ahubwo kiba kibangamiye amahoro n’umutekano mpuzamahanga.”
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ifite kimwe mu bice bikungahaye ku mutungo kamere ku isi.
Iki gihugu gifite ububiko bunini bwa cobalt bukoreshwa cyane mu gukora batiri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, coltan ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka telefoni na mudasobwa, zahabu, diyama, umuringa, lithium, tin ndetse n’andi mabuye y’agaciro akenerwa cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko nubwo Congo ikize cyane kuri uwo mutungo, abaturage benshi bakomeje kuba mu bukene bukabije bitewe n’uko inyungu nyinshi ziwukomokaho zigarukira mu maboko y’amatsinda yitwaje intwaro, abanyapolitiki bamwe, ibigo mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abacuruzi bakora ubucuruzi butemewe.
Intambara n’umutungo kamere bimaze imyaka myinshi bifitanye isano
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1990, uburasirazuba bwa RDC bwabaye isibaniro ry’intambara zagiye zihitana abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni nk’uko imibare y’imiryango mpuzamahanga ibigaragaza.
Muri ako karere hakomeje gukorera imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 100, irimo M23, ADF, CODECO, FDLR n’indi myinshi.
Nubwo iyo mitwe ifite impamvu zitandukanye itanga nk’ishingiro ry’ibikorwa bya yo, raporo zitandukanye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zagaragaje ko amabuye y’agaciro ari imwe mu nkomoko z’ingenzi z’inkunga y’amafaranga akoreshwa muri ibyo bikorwa.
Ibyo bituma ahacukurwa amabuye haba henshi hagaragara imirwano, abaturage bagahunga, ibikorwa remezo bikangirika ndetse ubukungu bw’akarere bugasubira inyuma.
Hari amategeko mpuzamahanga ariko aracyafite ibibazo
Mu myaka yashize, amahanga yashyizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura inkomoko y’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo hirindwe ko amabuye ava mu bice by’intambara yinjira ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Harimo amabwiriza ya OECD asaba amasosiyete gukurikirana inkomoko y’amabuye agura, gahunda y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari (ICGLR) yo kwemeza inkomoko y’amabuye, ndetse n’amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU Conflict Minerals Regulation) asaba ibigo bitumiza amabuye mu mahanga kugaragaza aho yaturutse.
Icyakora, Kinshasa ivuga ko ayo mabwiriza atarahagije kuko hari amabuye menshi akomeza kunyuzwa rwihishwa mu bihugu bituranye na RDC mbere yo koherezwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bikagora kumenya inkomoko ya yo nyakuri.
Tshisekedi arasaba amahanga gushyiraho amategeko akomeye
Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yasabye ko hashyirwaho uburyo bushya kandi bukomeye bwo kugenzura urujya n’uruza rw’amabuye y’agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Yavuze ko hakwiye: kubahirizwa uburenganzira bw’ibihugu ku mutungo kamere wa byo; kongerwa gukorera mu mucyo mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw’amabuye y’agaciro; gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe bwo kumenya inkomoko nyakuri y’amabuye yose yinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga; guhana abantu, ibigo n’ibihugu bifasha cyangwa bikingira ikibaba abakora ubucuruzi butemewe n’amategeko bushingiye ku mutungo kamere.
Yashimangiye ko niba amahanga ashaka amahoro arambye muri Afurika no ku isi, agomba gufata ikibazo cy’ubusahuzi bw’umutungo kamere nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa.
Aya magambo ya Perezida Tshisekedi aje mu gihe umubano wa RDC n’ibihugu bimwe byo mu karere ukomeje kurangwa n’ukutizerana ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Kinshasa imaze igihe ishinja ko hari amabuye ava mu bice birimo intambara yambutswa imipaka mu buryo butemewe, nyuma akagurishwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga nk’aho yaturutse mu bindi bihugu.
Ni ikibazo cyagiye kigarukwaho kenshi na raporo z’impuguke za ONU ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ikurikirana ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, nubwo ibihugu bishinjwa bikunze kubihakana.
Mu gihe isi ikomeje gukenera cyane cobalt, lithium na coltan bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda zikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, RDC ivuga ko igihe kigeze ngo umutungo wa yo ube ishingiro ry’amajyambere y’abaturage bayo aho gukomeza kuba intandaro y’intambara imaze imyaka myinshi idindiza igihugu.
Ibitekerezo