Ubufaransa buri guhangana n’ingaruka zikomeye z’inkongi z’umuriro zibasiye amashyamba n’ibindi bimera muri uyu mwaka wa 2026, ku rwego rutari rumaze igihe kirekire ruboneka muri iki gihugu. Izi nkongi zimaze kwangiza ahantu hanini, gusenya cyangwa gushyira mu kaga amazu, guhungabanya ubukerarugendo n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no gutuma abaturage benshi bibaza impamvu iki kibazo gikomeje gufata indi ntera.
Amakuru atandukanye agaragaza ko impamvu z’izi nkongi ari uruhurirane rw’ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi: imihindagurikire y’ibihe ituma ubushyuhe n’amapfa byiyongera, hamwe n’ibikorwa by’abantu bituma umuriro utangira. Leta y’Ubufaransa ivuga ko inkongi icyenda muri 10 zibasira amashyamba n’ibimera muri iki gihugu zituruka ku bikorwa bya muntu.
Ikibazo gikomeye ariko ni uko n’iyo umuriro watangijwe n’ikosa rito ry’umuntu, nk’itabi rijugunywe ahantu humye cyangwa ikibatsi giturutse ku mashini, imiterere y’ikirere ishobora gutuma uwo muriro uhinduka inkongi ikomeye mu gihe gito cyane.
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’ikirere zigaragaza ko ubushyuhe bukabije, amapfa, kugabanuka k’ubushuhe bwo mu kirere, imiyaga ikomeye ndetse n’ibimera byumye ari ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago byo gutangira no gukwirakwira kw’inkongi.
Météo-France ivuga ko uko ubushyuhe bukomeza kuzamuka ari na ko ibyago by’inkongi bigenda byaguka bigana mu bice by’Ubufaransa bitari bisanzwe bizibasirwa cyane. Mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’Ubufaransa bwazamuka kugera kuri dogere Celsius 4 ugereranyije n’ibihe byabanjirije izamuka rikomeye ry’ubushyuhe, ibyago by’inkongi bishobora gukwira hafi mu gihugu cyose, ndetse igihe cy’umwaka zibonekamo kikiyongeraho ukwezi kumwe cyangwa abiri mu bice bimwe.
Ibi byagaragaye cyane muri uyu mwaka. Muri Nyakanga 2026, impuzandengo y’ubushyuhe mu Bufaransa yageze kuri dogere Celsius 24,9, ikaba ari yo yo hejuru cyane yabonetse muri uko kwezi kuva nibura mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20. Imvura na yo yagabanutse ku kigero cya 70% ugereranyije n’isanzwe igwa muri Nyakanga, ibintu byatumye ibimera n’amashyamba birushaho kuma.
Ni muri ubwo buryo ikosa rito rishobora kubyara ibyago bikomeye. Iyo ubutaka n’ibimera byumye, umuriro muto ushobora gukwirakwira vuba cyane, cyane cyane iyo hari umuyaga.
Inkongi icyenda mu 10 zituruka ku bikorwa bya muntu
Nubwo imihindagurikire y’ibihe ituma inkongi zirushaho kugira ubukana, ntabwo ari yo ubwayo itangiza umuriro.
Imibare ya Leta y’Ubufaransa igaragaza ko inkongi icyenda muri 10 z’amashyamba n’ibimera zituruka ku bikorwa bya muntu, naho inkuba ikaba ari yo mpamvu karemano y’ingenzi ishobora gutangiza umuriro.
Mu nkongi zituruka ku bantu, hafi kimwe cya kabiri ziterwa n’uburangare. Zishobora guturuka ku kujugunya ibisigazwa by’itabi, gucana barbecue hafi y’ibimera byumye, gutwika imyanda cyangwa ibyatsi, imirimo y’ubwubatsi n’ubuhinzi itanga ibibatsi, imodoka cyangwa ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bifite ikibazo ndetse n’ibikorwa byo guturitsa ibishashi byo mu kirere.
Leta y’Ubufaransa inavuga ko hafi 80% by’inkongi z’amashyamba n’ibimera zitangirira muri metero 50 uvuye ku nyubako cyangwa aho abantu batuye, ibintu bishimangira uruhare rw’ibikorwa bya muntu mu gutangiza umuriro.
Icyakora, kuba umuriro watangijwe n’umuntu ntibisobanura ko buri gihe aba yabikoze abigambiriye. Hari abawutangiza kubera uburangare, abandi bitewe n’impanuka, mu gihe hari n’abawutwika nkana.
Abantu 420 batawe muri yombi
Mu gihe inkongi zikomeje guteza impungenge, ubutegetsi bw’Ubufaransa bwafashe ingamba zikomeye zo gushakisha no gukurikirana abakekwaho kugira uruhare mu kuzitangiza.
Minisiteri y’Umutekano w’Imbere mu Gihugu yatangaje ko abantu 420 batawe muri yombi bakekwaho gutangiza inkongi nkana cyangwa ku bw’impanuka. Muri bo, 166 ni abana batarageza ku myaka y’ubukure.
Mu gace ka Var mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw’igihugu, umugabo w’imyaka 23 yashinjwe gutangiza nkana inkongi 10 mu gihe cy’iminsi itanu. Aramutse ahamwe n’icyaha, ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amayero 150,000.
Hari n’abandi bamaze kugezwa imbere y’ubutabera bagakatirwa.
Umugabo umwe yakatiwe imyaka itatu y’igifungo nyuma yo guhamwa no gutangiza inkongi eshatu mu ishyamba rya Raon-L’Étape mu gace ka Vosges. Ikinyamakuru L’Est Républicain cyatangaje ko muri izo nkongi hari n’aho umuriro wangije ubuso buto cyane bw’ibimera.
Ibi byatumye bamwe bibaza niba uburyo inzego z’ubutabera ziri gukoresha budakabije.
Hari amakuru avuga ko umuntu utagira aho aba ndetse n’undi ufite ikibazo gikomeye cya autism bahawe ibihano by’igifungo nyuma yo gushinjwa kujugunya ibisigazwa by’itabi bishobora guteza inkongi.
Umunyamategeko Muriel Gestas, waburaniye abantu benshi bashinjwa gutwika ahantu hatandukanye, avuga ko yatunguwe n’umubare munini w’abatawe muri yombi kandi ko akeka ko atari bose bazahamwa n’ibyaha.
Hari kandi impungenge ku buryo iperereza rikorwa, cyane cyane ku kumenya niba buri muntu watawe muri yombi hari ibimenyetso bifatika bimushinja cyangwa niba ubukana bw’ikibazo buri gutuma inzego z’umutekano zihutira gufata abantu.
Ku rundi ruhande, ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko imiterere y’ibihe iriho isaba ko abantu barushaho kubazwa inshingano ku bikorwa bishobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abandi mu kaga.
Umushinjacyaha wa Bordeaux, Renaud Gaudeul, yavuze ko mu bihe nk’ibi umuntu ujugunya isigazwa ry’itabi cyangwa ugacanira barbecue ahantu h’amashyamba ashobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga, kuko ikibatsi gito gusa gishobora gutangiza inkongi ikomeye.
Kumenya aho inkongi yatangiriye si ibintu byoroshye
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye abashinzwe iperereza bahura na cyo ni ukumenya neza icyatangije inkongi.
Eric Dufayet, umwe mu bashinzwe gukora iperereza ku nkongi, avuga ko iyo umuriro umaze kuzimywa, abashinzwe iperereza babanza gukora ikarita y’ahantu hose watwitse.
Nyuma yaho bareba uburyo umuriro wakwirakwiriye kugira ngo basubire inyuma bashaka aho watangiriye.
Iyo umuyaga wahuhaga mu cyerekezo kimwe mu gihe umuriro wakwiraga, ahahiye hashobora kugira ishusho isa n’inyuguti ya “V”. Ibyo bifasha abashinzwe iperereza kugenda basubira inyuma berekeza aho bakeka ko umuriro watangiriye.
Iyo bikekwa ko umuntu yawutwitse nkana, abashinzwe iperereza bashakisha ibikoresho bishobora kuba byarakoreshejwe mu kuwutangira. Bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso birimo DNA cyangwa ibikumwe by’uwabikoze.
Ariko impuguke zigaragaza ko inkongi zitwikwa nkana ari nke ugereranyije n’izituruka ku burangare cyangwa impanuka.
Mu gihe cy’amapfa akomeye, igikorwa gisa n’aho kidafite icyo gitwaye gishobora gutangiza inkongi.
Dufayet asobanura ko hari uburyo bwiswe itegeko rya “30” bukoreshwa mu gusobanura ibihe bishobora gutuma isigazwa ry’itabi ritangiza umuriro.
Avuga ko mu bihe bisanzwe hashobora kuba ibyago byinshi iyo ubushyuhe buri nibura kuri dogere Celsius 30, ubuhehere buri munsi ya 30%, umuyaga uri munsi ya kilometero 30 ku isaha kandi nibura 30% by’itabi bikiri bitarashya.
Mu gihe cy’amapfa akomeye nk’ayagaragaye mu Bufaransa muri uyu mwaka, ibimera biba byumye ku buryo umuriro ushobora gutangira no gukwirakwira mu buryo bworoshye kurushaho.
Ni yo mpamvu ubuyobozi bukomeje gusaba abaturage kutajugunya ibisigazwa by’itabi ahantu hari ibimera, kudacanira barbecue hafi y’amashyamba no kwitondera ibikorwa byose bishobora gutanga ibibatsi. Ubukangurambaga bwa Leta bw’uyu mwaka bukomeza kuva muri Kamena kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nzeri.
Ni bande batwika amashyamba nkana?
Ikindi kibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni impamvu umuntu yahitamo gutwika ishyamba nkana.
Michel Lejoyeux, umwarimu w’indwara zo mu mutwe n’imyitwarire ijyanye n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Kaminuza ya Paris 7, avuga ko abantu batangira inkongi bashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu by’ingenzi.
Hari abakora amakosa kubera uburangare, abashobora kuba bafite inyungu bashaka kuvana mu muriro nko kubona amafaranga y’ubwishingizi, ndetse n’abantu bafite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe kizwi nka “pyromania”, gituma umuntu yumva ashishikajwe cyane no gutwika no kureba umuriro.
Pyromania ariko ni ikibazo kidakunze kuboneka kandi kigoye gusuzuma. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutwika ahantu bitewe n’iki kibazo baba ari bake.
Umunyamategeko Muriel Gestas avuga ko mu manza zimwe zirimo abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bakekwaho kuwutangiza, hashobora kuba harimo abashaka kubanza kuwutwika kugira ngo nyuma bagaragare nk’intwari zawuzimije.
Hari n’aho inyungu z’amafaranga zishobora gukekwa, cyane cyane ku bakozi b’abakorerabushake bashobora guhembwa amafaranga y’inyongera bitewe n’amasaha bamaze mu bikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro. Ibyo ariko bigomba kugaragazwa n’iperereza kuri buri muntu aho kubifatwa nk’impamvu rusange.
Ikibazo cy’Ubufaransa ntikigarukira gusa ku kumenya uwatangiye umuriro.
Inkongi ikomeye yabaye muri Gironde ku wa 22 Nyakanga yangije hegitari zigera ku 42.000 z’amashyamba yiganjemo ibiti bya pinusi. Nyuma y’iyo nkongi, abayobozi n’impuguke batangiye kuganira ku buryo ayo mashyamba yakongera guterwa ariko hakirindwa gusubiramo uburyo bwatumye umuriro ubona ahantu horoshye ho gukwirakwira.
Hari abashyigikiye ko hashyirwaho inzira nini zitandukanya ibice by’amashyamba kugira ngo umuriro utabasha gukomeza gukwirakwira, hakongerwa amoko atandukanye y’ibiti kandi imicungire y’amashyamba ikajyanishwa n’imiterere mishya y’ikirere.
Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kuko Ubufaransa bufite hegitari miliyoni 17,6 z’amashyamba ku butaka bwabwo bwo ku mugabane w’Uburayi no ku kirwa cya Corsica.
Perezida Emmanuel Macron yavuze ko Ubufaransa bugomba gutekereza ku buryo bushya bwo kongera gutera amashyamba no kuyategura kugira ngo abashe guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Ibyo bisobanuye ko ikibazo kitakiri gusa icyo kuzimya inkongi igihe yatangiye. Igihugu kirimo gusabwa gutekereza ku bwoko bw’ibiti bwaterwa, uburyo amashyamba atunganywa, inzira z’abashinzwe ubutabazi ndetse n’uburyo bwo kugabanya ibimera byumye bishobora gutuma umuriro ukwirakwira vuba.
Ingaruka ku bukungu n’abaturage
Inkongi zo muri uyu mwaka zasize ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije no ku bukungu.
Mu bice byibasiwe cyane, abaturage bahunze ingo zabo, ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo birahagarara cyangwa biragabanuka, ubucuruzi burahungabana, amashyamba afite agaciro mu bukungu arangirika ndetse n’umwuka abaturage bahumeka wanduzwa n’umwotsi.
Ikibazo ntabwo kiri mu Bufaransa gusa. Inkongi zibasiye ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi muri iyi mpeshyi, kandi imibare iheruka igaragaza ko igihombo cy’ubukungu cyatewe n’inkongi muri uyu mugabane kimaze kurenga miliyari 15 z’amayero. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi uri gusaba ibihugu kuwushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi mu gukumira inkongi, zirimo gukuraho ibimera byumye bishobora gufatwa n’umuriro no gusubiranya ahantu karemano hashobora gutangira umuriro.
U Bufaransa rero buhanganye n’ikibazo gifite impande ebyiri. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibikorwa by’abantu ni byo bitangiza hafi inkongi icyenda muri 10. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushyuhe bukabije, amapfa n’ibimera byumye bifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bituma ikibatsi gito gishobora guhinduka inkongi idasanzwe.
Ni na yo mpamvu gushaka no guhana abatangiza umuriro bidahagije byonyine. Gukumira inkongi, guhindura uburyo amashyamba acungwa, kongera ubushobozi bw’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro no gutegura igihugu guhangana n’ubushyuhe n’amapfa biragenda birushaho kuba ingenzi.
Mu gihe hategerejwe ibindi bihe by’ubushyuhe bukabije, ikibazo Abafaransa benshi bibaza ntikiri gusa ngo “Ni nde watangije umuriro?” Ahubwo ni n’ikindi gikomeye kurushaho: Ubufaransa bwakwitegura bute kugira ngo ikibatsi gito kitazongera guhinduka icyago gihitana amashyamba, imitungo n’ubuzima bw’abaturage?”
Ibitekerezo