Muri uyu mwaka wa 2026, umubare w’abimukira n’impunzi bagerageza kugera i Burayi banyuze mu nyanja waragabanutse cyane, ariko imibare mishya igaragaza indi nkuru iteye impungenge: nubwo abambuka ari bake ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize, abapfa cyangwa baburirwa irengero muri izo nzira bo bakomeje kwiyongera.
Imibare yatangajwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bimukira (IOM) igaragaza ko abagera ku 60,000 ari bo bamaze kugera i Burayi banyuze mu nyanja muri uyu mwaka wa 2026.
Mu gihe nk’iki umwaka ushize, bari hafi 98,000, bivuze ko umubare w’abageze i Burayi muri ubwo buryo wagabanutseho hafi 39%. Ariko kugabanuka kw’abambuka ntikwatumye izi nzira zirushaho kugira umutekano.
Abapfa n’ababurirwa irengero bariyongereye
IOM ivuga ko nibura abantu 2,292 bari bamaze gupfa cyangwa kuburirwa irengero bagerageza kugera i Burayi, ugereranyije n’abantu 1,999 bari banditswe mu gihe nk’iki umwaka ushize.
Imibare ya IOM yakomeje kuvugururwa, ku buryo kugeza ku wa 15 Nzeri 2026 urubuga rwa yo rwa Displacement Tracking Matrix (uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru y’abimukira) rwagaragazaga abantu 2,298 bapfuye cyangwa baburiwe irengero ku nzira z’abimukira zijya i Burayi.
IOM inaburira ko umubare nyakuri ushobora kuba munini kurushaho, kuko hari amato cyangwa ubwato bushobora kuburirwa irengero mu nyanja ntihagire amakuru ya bwo yandikwa.
Benshi mu bakora izi ngendo bambuka inyanja mu bwato buto, rimwe na rimwe buba butwaye abantu benshi kurusha ubushobozi bwa bwo. Inzira yo hagati muri Méditerranée ikomeje guteza impungenge
Imwe mu nzira zikomeye zikoreshwa n’abimukira ni Central Mediterranean route, ihuza cyane cyane Afurika y’Amajyaruguru n’u Butaliyani.
Nubwo umubare w’abakoresheje iyo nzira wagabanutse cyane, imibare yatangajwe igaragaza ko abapfa cyangwa baburirwa irengero kuri yo biyongereye.
Abantu bapfuye cyangwa baburiwe irengero muri iyo nzira bageze kuri 996, bavuye kuri 844 mu gihe nk’iki umwaka ushize.
Mu Bugereki na ho hagaragaye izamuka ry’impfu n’ababuriwe irengero, bava kuri 284 bagera kuri 417. Ku nzira zerekeza muri Espagne, abantu 879 ni bo bavugwa ko bapfuye cyangwa baburiwe irengero.
Ibi bituma Méditerranée n’inzira zo mu nyanja y’Atlantique zikomeza kuba zimwe mu nzira zo mu mazi zifite ibyago bikomeye ku bimukira bashaka kugera i Burayi.
Kuki abantu bakomeza kunyura muri izi nzira?
Impamvu zituma abantu bava mu bihugu bya bo ziratandukanye. Hari abahunga intambara, umutekano muke cyangwa gutotezwa, mu gihe abandi baba bashaka ubuzima n’amahirwe y’ubukungu arushijeho kuba meza.
Ubushakashatsi IOM yakoze ku bimukira bakoresha inzira ya Central Mediterranean bwagaragaje ko ibibazo by’ubukungu biri mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma bamwe bafata icyemezo cyo kugenda, bigakurikirwa n’intambara n’ihohoterwa ryibasira abantu.
Ariko urugendo rwo kugera i Burayi rushobora kubashyira mu kaga gakomeye, cyane cyane iyo bakoresheje inzira zitemewe n’amategeko n’ubwato budafite ubushobozi bwo gukora ingendo ndende.
U Burayi bukomeje gukaza politiki y’abimukira
Iyi mibare ije mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bikomeje kuganira ku buryo bwo kugabanya abimukira binjira mu buryo butemewe no kongera umubare w’abasubizwa mu bihugu bakomokamo cyangwa ahandi bemerewe kwakirwa.
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wanemeje muri Kamena amategeko mashya ashobora gutuma hari abimukira basubizwa no mu bihugu bitari mu muryango wa EU.
IOM yo isaba ko, hamwe no gucunga imipaka, hashyirwaho uburyo bwinshi bwemewe n’amategeko abantu bashobora gukoresha bajya i Burayi, ndetse hagashyirwaho ingamba zo kugabanya impfu ku nzira z’abimukira.
Imibare y’uyu mwaka rero igaragaza ibintu bibiri bisa n’ibivuguruzanya: abantu bageza i Burayi banyuze mu nyanja baragabanuka, ariko urugendo rw’abagerageza kurugeramo rukomeje kuba urw’akaga gakomeye.
Ibitekerezo