Intambara imaze imyaka irenga ine ihanganishije Uburusiya na Ukraine ikomeje gufata indi ntera, aho impande zombi ziri kongera ubukana bw’ibitero ku bikorwa remezo, ku nganda zitunganya peteroli, ku bubiko bw’ibicuruzwa ndetse no ku mato y’ubucuruzi anyura mu Nyanja y’Umukara no mu Nyanja ya Azov.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ubu buryo bushya bw’imirwano butangiye kwibutsa intambara yahuje Iran na Iraq hagati ya 1980 na 1988, cyane cyane igihe impande zombi zatangiraga kwibasira imijyi n’amato atwara peteroli.
Mu byumweru bishize, Ukraine yongereye ibitero ikoresha drones zigera kure, yibasira inganda zitunganya peteroli, ibigega biyibikamo ndetse n’ibigo bikomeye bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa imbere mu Burusiya. Ni ibitero bigamije guhungabanya ubukungu bw’Uburusiya no kugabanya ubushobozi bwa bwo bwo gukomeza intambara.
Ku rundi ruhande, Uburusiya na bwo bwakajije ibitero ku mijyi ya Ukraine, bukoresha misile n’indege zitagira abapilote (drones) mu kurasa ibikorwa remezo, ibyambu, gari ya moshi, ibigo by’ubucuruzi ndetse n’inyubako z’abaturage. Ibi byatumye umubare w’abasivili bapfa cyangwa bagakomereka ukomeza kwiyongera.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu (OHCHR) rivuga ko mu kwezi kwa Kamena 2026 honyine, nibura abasivili 293 bishwe, abandi 1,990 barakomereka muri Ukraine bazize ibitero by’Uburusiya.
Mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2026, ONU ivuga ko abantu 1,396 bishwe, abandi 7.978 barakomereka. Ibi byiyongereyeho 37% ugereranyije n’igihe nk’icyo cya 2025, ndetse bikiyongera ku rugero rwa 114% ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2024.
Intara za Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson n’umurwa mukuru Kyiv ni zo zakunze kwibasirwa cyane.
ONU ivuga ko impamvu nyamukuru y’iri zamuka ry’abahitanwa n’intambara ari ukwiyongera kw’ibitero bya drones na misile ku mijyi ndetse n’ikoreshwa ry’utudrone duto ku rugamba.
Ku ruhande rw’Uburusiya, ubutegetsi bwabwo bwatangaje ko abasivili 250 bishwe naho 1,596 bakomerekejwe n’ibitero bya Ukraine mu gice cya mbere cya 2026. Icyakora, ONU ivuga ko itarabasha kugenzura no kwemeza ayo makuru mu buryo bwigenga.
Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga 2026, amakuru aturuka mu nzego zitandukanye agaragaza ko Ukraine yibasiye nibura inganda 11 zikomeye zitunganya peteroli mu Burusiya bw’Iburayi, ndetse n’izindi nganda ebyiri ziri mu turere twa Tyumen na Omsk muri Siberia.
Hari kandi ibigega bibikwamo peteroli, ibyambu, imiyoboro iyitwara n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byatewe.
Nubwo ibi bitero byatumye zimwe mu nganda zihagarika ibikorwa cyangwa zigabanya umusaruro, Uburusiya buracyakomeje gutunganya no kohereza peteroli ku masoko mpuzamahanga, ndetse bukaba bukomeje gusana ibyangiritse.
Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga, Ukraine yahinduye uburyo bw’ibitero, itangira kwibasira ububiko bunini n’ibigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.
Ku wa 18 Nyakanga, drones za Ukraine zateye ububiko bwa Wildberries mu mujyi wa Elektrostal mu Ntara ya Moscow ndetse n’ubundi buri mu Ntara ya Tambov. Ububiko bwo muri Moscow bwahiye hafi ya bwose.
Nyuma yaho, urubuga rumwe rwegereye igisirikare cya Ukraine rwasohoye urutonde rw’ibigo 25 bikomeye by’ubwikorezi n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa by’Uburusiya bivuga ko bishobora gukomeza kwibasirwa.
Ku wa 20 Nyakanga, ikindi gitero cya drone cyateje inkongi mu gace k’inganda ka Yuzhnye Vrata hafi ya Domodedovo, mu gihe ububiko bwa Wildberries hafi ya Podolsk na bwo bwageragejweho igitero.
Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri gusa, ibindi bigo bya Wildberries biri muri Krasnodar na Nevinnomyssk na byo byaratewe, bituma ibikorwa bihagarara by’agateganyo.
Mu gihe Ukraine iri kwibasira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi by’Uburusiya, na bwo bukomeje kongera ibitero ku bikorwa remezo bya Ukraine.
Amastasiyo ya lisansi, ibyambu, gari ya moshi, imodoka zitwara imizigo, ububiko bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, inyubako z’ubuyobozi, amasoko ndetse n’amavuriro bikomeje kwibasirwa.
Ikigo gikomeye cya Nova Poshta, gitwara imizigo muri Ukraine hose, kimaze imyaka cyibasirwa.
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 19 Nyakanga, misile ya balistique y’Uburusiya yasenye igice kinini cy’ikigo cya Amtel kiri hafi ya Kyiv gifite ubuso bwa metero kare 100.000.
Uburusiya buvuga ko ibigo nk’ibi bidakoreshwa gusa mu bikorwa by’abaturage, ahubwo ko bibikwamo n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare birimo drones n’ibice byazo.
Icyakora, bamwe mu basesenguzi b’Abarusiya ubwabo banenze uko ubutegetsi busobanura ibi bitero, bavuga ko ibisobanuro nk’ibyo bishobora no gukoreshwa n’Ukraine igihe yibasira ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu Burusiya.
Intambara yimukiye no mu nyanja
Mu minsi ishize, intambara yongereye gukomera no mu Nyanja y’Umukara no mu Nyanja ya Azov.
Igisirikare cya Ukraine cyatangaje ko hagati ya tariki ya 6 na 17 Nyakanga, drones zacyo zagabye ibitero ku mato y’Uburusiya nibura 159.
Muri ayo harimo 117 yari mu Nyanja ya Azov, mu gihe 42 yari mu Nyanja y’Umukara.
Ayo mato yari atwaye peteroli, gaz, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, amato akurura andi ndetse n’amato ya ferry.
Nubwo amakuru yigenga ataremeza ko yose yasenyutse, hari amashusho yagaragaje amwe muri yo yafashwe n’inkongi cyangwa yangiritse bikomeye.
Nyuma y’ibi bitero, Uburusiya bwagabanyije cyane urujya n’uruza rw’amato mu Nyanja ya Azov, aho hacaga hafi kimwe cya kane cy’ibinyampeke byoherezwa hanze.
Bwanafunze by’agateganyo ibyambu bya Azov na Kavkaz kugira ngo bugabanye ibyago.
Ku rundi ruhande, Minisiteri y’Ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje ko yarashe ubwato bumwe butwara imizigo n’ubundi bwihuta bwa Ukraine hafi ya Odessa, nubwo Ukraine itabyemeje.
Ku wa 19 Nyakanga, Ukraine yatangaje ko ibikorwa remezo by’icyambu cya Odessa byangijwe n’ibitero by’Uburusiya, ndetse ubwato bwari butwaye ibendera rya Antigua na Barbuda bukangirika.
Bukeye bwaho, Ukraine yavuze ko misile eshatu z’Uburusiya zateye ubwato Golden Leo bwari butwaye ibendera rya Guinea-Bissau butwaye ingano, maze abantu nibura 10 bo mu bakozi babwo bahasiga ubuzima.
Aya makuru yemejwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga birimo Reuters na Deutsche Welle.
Abahanga bavuga ko hari byinshi bihuriyeho n’intambara ya Iran na Iraq, cyane cyane uburyo impande zombi zatangiye kwibasira imijyi, ibyambu n’amato atwara peteroli.
Mu myaka ya 1980, ibisasu byinshi byaraswaga bitabasha guhitamo neza aho bigana, bikica abaturage benshi.
Uyu munsi, misile na drones zikoreshwa n’Uburusiya na Ukraine zifite ikoranabuhanga ribasha gukubita ku ntego zatoranyijwe neza.
Nubwo hari igihe zigusha ku nyubako z’abaturage, abahanga bavuga ko ubusanzwe zigenewe ibikorwa remezo bifite agaciro ka gisirikare cyangwa ubukungu.
Ikindi gitandukanya izi ntambara ni uko ikoranabuhanga rya drones ryahinduye cyane uburyo intambara zikorwa. Ukraine yashoye imari nyinshi mu gukora drones zishobora kugenda ibirometero birenga 1.000, mu gihe Uburusiya na bwo bwongereye umusaruro wa drones za Shahed n’izindi misile.
Ese hari ushobora gutsinda iyi ntambara?
Abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko impande zombi zifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kwangiza ibikorwa remezo by’undi, ariko bikaba bigoye ko hari uruhande rwagera ku ntsinzi ya gisirikare yihuse.
Ukraine irashaka guhungabanya ubukungu bw’Uburusiya no gutuma abaturage babona ko intambara ibageraho imbere mu gihugu.
Uburusiya bwo bukomeje kugerageza guca intege Ukraine binyuze mu gusenya ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi, ububiko n’inganda.
Abahanga mu bya gisirikare bavuga ko intambara nk’izi zikunze kurangira ari uko habaye ibiganiro bya dipolomasi cyangwa impande zombi zinaniwe gukomeza kuyirwana.
Kugeza ubu ariko, nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko ibiganiro by’amahoro biri hafi kongera gutangira.
Mu gihe impande zombi zikomeje kongera umusaruro w’intwaro, gukora drones nyinshi no kugura ibikoresho bishya, abaturage ni bo bakomeje kuba igitambo gikomeye cy’iyi ntambara. Mu gihe Abanya-Ukraine bamaze imyaka irenga ine bahora munsi y’ibitero bya buri munsi, abaturage b’Uburusiya na bo batangiye kubona intambara ibageraho imbere mu gihugu, ibintu bishobora guhindura uko abaturage b’ibihugu byombi babona iyi ntambara mu gihe kiri imbere.
Ibitekerezo