Abaturage bo mu Mujyi wa Bandar Abbas uherereye ku nkombe z’amajyepfo ya Irani, hafi y’Umuhora wa Hormuz, bavuga ko ubuzima buri gusubira nk’uko bwahoze mbere y’intambara gusa bakavuga ko babayeho mu bwoba batinya ko intambara yakongera kubura.
Ku cyambu cyo muri aka gace, usanga aabarobyi bari guhanahana amafi bavuye kuroba, bamwe bafite inshundura zuzuye amafi, abandi batwaye amafi manini kuri moto za bo bajya kuyagurisha. Urebye aho hantu, wagira ngo ni icyambu gisanzwe, nyamara ni hamwe mu hantu hakomeye cyane ku isi kubera ko haherereye hafi y’umuhora wa Hormuz, inzira inyuramo igice kinini cya peteroli na gazi bicuruzwa ku isi.
Uyu mujyi wabaye kimwe mu bibuga by’ingenzi by’intambara yahuje Irani, Amerika na Isiraheli. Nyuma y’ibyumweru byinshi by’imirwano, ubu ubuzima burimo kugaruka buhoro buhoro, nubwo ibikomere by’iyo ntambara bikigaragara.
Abanyamakuru ba BBC dukesha iyi nkuru babaye aba mbere mu banyamakuru mpuzamahanga bemerewe gusura uru ruhande rwa Irani kuva intambara yatangira. Basanze abaturage bongera gukora imirimo ya bo ya buri munsi, ariko bavuga ko bakomeje kubaho bafite ubwoba ko imirwano ishobora kongera kubura.
Umuhira wa Hormuz wabaye isibaniro ry’intambara
Nyuma y’ibitero Amerika na Isirayeli bagabye kuri Irani, Tehran yahise isubiza irasa kuri Isiraheli no ku birindiro by’Amerika biri mu bihugu byo mu Kigobe cy’Abarabu. Mu rwego rwo gushyira igitutu ku bahanganye na yo, Ingabo z’Abarinzi b’Impinduramatwara za Irani (IRGC) zatangiye gufata no guhagarika amato y’ubucuruzi yashakaga kunyura mu Muhora wa Hormuz adafite uruhushya.
Ibi byatumye ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja buhungabana bikomeye. Amato menshi yahagaritswe, andi ahitamo kunyura indi nzira ndende kandi ihenze. Ibyo byatumye ibiciro bya peteroli bizamuka ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bikurikirwa no kuzamuka kw’ibiciro bya lisansi n’ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi bishingiye ku bwikorezi bwo mu nyanja.
Amerika na yo yahise ifata icyemezo cyo guhagarika amato ya yo gukoresha ibyambu bimwe byo muri Irani no kongera ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri aka gace.
Abarobyi babaye nk’abajya ku rugamba
Mu gihe imirwano yari ikaze, kuroba muri ayo mazi byari byabaye ibikorwa biteje akaga. Bamwe mu barobyi bahisemo guhagarika akazi, abandi bakomeza kuroba bazi neza ko bashobora kwisanga hagati y’amasasu cyangwa bagafatirwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.
Nyuma y’uko Irani yemeye kongera gufungura igice cy’umuhora wa Hormuz hakurikijwe amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano, amazi yongeye gutekana gahoro gahoro, abarobyi basubira mu nyanja ndetse n’ubucuruzi butangira kuzahuka.
Icyakora, amato amwe n’amwe yafatiwe muri iyo ntambara aracyafunzwe. Muri ayo harimo MSC Francesca na Epaminonda, yafashwe n’Ingabo za IRGC muri Mata, ashinjwa kurenga ku mategeko yo kunyura muri ayo mazi.
Bandar Abbas ifite amateka n’agaciro gakomeye
Bandar Abbas si umujyi usanzwe. Mu binyejana byinshi ushize, ibihugu byinshi byarwaniye kuwugenzura kubera akamaro ka wo mu bucuruzi bwo mu nyanja.
Ku kirwa cya Hormuz haracyagaragara igihome cyubatswe n’Abanyaporutugali mu kinyejana cya 16 kugira ngo bagenzure ubucuruzi bwo muri ako karere. Mu 1622, Umwami Shah Abbas wa mbere yirukanye Abanyaporutugali, ari na we umujyi witiriwe.
No muri iki gihe, Bandar Abbas ni icyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi za Irani ndetse n’iza IRGC. Ni umujyi ufite uruhare rukomeye mu mutekano n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, kuko hafi kimwe cya gatanu cya peteroli na gazi bicuruzwa ku isi binyura muri Hormuz.
Ingaruka z’intambara ziracyagaragara
Nubwo isoko, amaduka n’imihanda byongeye kuzura abantu, hari ibice byinshi by’umujyi bikigaragaza ibimenyetso by’intambara.
Ku muhanda wa Khushnoodi, inyubako y’amagorofa yashenywe n’igitero cya Isirayeli yaguyemo abaturage. Inkuta zarasadutse, ibyumba byasigaye bigaragara ndetse n’ibice by’inyubako biracyahagaze nk’ikimenyetso cy’ibyabaye.
Fatima, wakoreraga muri iyo nyubako, yavuze ko hari imiryango myinshi yari ituye aho.
Yagize ati: “Hari harimo ababyeyi n’abana baryamye. Bamwe bararokotse, ariko abantu batatu bahasize ubuzima. Umwe yari umusirikare wari utuyemo n’umuryango we, ariko iyi yari inyubako ituwemo n’abaturage.”
Isirayeli yavuze ko icyo gitero cyari kigamije kwica Alireza Tangsiri, wari umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi za IRGC. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, Irani yemeje ko yishwe.
Amakuru y’Umuryango wa Red Crescent agaragaza ko mu Ntara ya Hormuzgan, abantu 261, barimo abasivili n’abasirikare, bapfiriye muri iyi ntambara.
Ubushakashatsi bw’umuryango ACLED bugaragaza ko hagati ya tariki ya 28 Gashyantare na 8 Mata honyine, Bandar Abbas n’inkengero za yo byagabweho ibitero bigera kuri 96. Benshi mu bibasiwe harimo ibirindiro bya gisirikare, ububiko bw’intwaro n’ibindi bikorwa remezo, ariko byinshi muri byo byari byegeranye n’ingo z’abaturage.
Irani ivuga ko itacitse intege
Nubwo Amerika na Isirayeli bavuga ko bashenye ibikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare bya Irani kandi bakica bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba yo, abayobozi ba Tehran bavuga ko batigeze batsindwa.
Meya wa Bandar Abbas, Mehdi Nobani, yabwiye BBC ko intego z’Amerika na Isirayeli zo guca intege igihugu no guhindura ubutegetsi zitagezweho.
Yongeyeho ko amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano aramutse adashyizwe mu bikorwa, Irani ishobora kongera gufunga Umuhora wa Hormuz, ibintu byongera guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Abaturage bifuza amahoro kurusha ibindi byose
Nubwo bamwe mu baturage banze kuganira n’itangazamakuru kubera kutarigirira icyizere, abemeye kuvuga bagaragaje ko intambara yabagizeho ingaruka zikomeye.
Fatemeh, umucuruzi w’amapera w’imyaka 55, yavuze ko umuhungu we yatakaje akazi kubera intambara, ubu umuryango ukaba ubeshejweho n’amafaranga y’intica ntikize akura mu bucuruzi bwe.
Yagize ati: “Nta muntu wifuzaga intambara. Iyo ibisasu byaturikaga twabaga dufite ubwoba. Twifuzaga amahoro gusa.”
Undi mugore witwa Masoumeh yavuze ko intambara yangiza ubukungu n’ubuzima bw’abaturage kurusha uko yangiza ibindi byose.
Mu gihe ibiganiro hagati y’Amerika na Irani bikomeje kugira ngo habeho amahoro arambye, abaturage ba Bandar Abbas bavuga ko icyifuzo cya bo gikomeye ari ukubaho mu mutekano no kutazongera kumva urusaku rw’ibisasu.
Nubwo ubuzima bugenda busubira mu buryo, ibikomere by’intambara n’ubwoba bw’uko ishobora kongera kubura biracyari mu mitima y’abatuye hafi y’Umuhora wa Hormuz, umwe mu nzira zo mu mazi zifite agaciro gakomeye kurusha indi yose ku isi.
Ibitekerezo