Abashinwa babiri baciye agahigo mu mibare ku Isi

Abashakashatsi babiri b’Abashinwa mu bijyanye n’imibare, Hong Wang na Yu Deng, bakoze amateka nyuma yo kwegukana Fields Medal, igihembo gifatwa nk’ikiruta ibindi byose mu rwego rw’imibare ku isi, kikaba gikunze kugereranywa n’igihembo cya Nobel.

Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka igihugu cy’Ubushinwa kigize abahanga babiri begukana iki gihembo, ibintu byashimishije cyane abaturage b’icyo gihugu ndetse n’abashakashatsi bo hirya no hino ku isi.

Iki gihembo cyatangiwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ku wa Kane w’ejo hashize, aho Hong Wang na Yu Deng bagisangiye n’Umunyamerika John Pardon ndetse n’Umunyakanada Jacon Tsimerman. Buri wese yahawe amadolari ya Canada 15,000, angana n’ibihumbi 10,500 by’amadolari y’Amerika cyangwa miliyoni zirenga 15 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Nubwo amafaranga bahabwa atari menshi ugereranyije n’andi marushanwa akomeye, icyubahiro gihabwa uwatsindiye Fields Medal ni cyo gifite agaciro gakomeye kurusha ibindi, kuko kiba ari ikimenyetso cy’uko uwo muntu ari umwe mu bahanga b’indashyikirwa mu mibare ku rwego rw’isi.

Hong Wang yabaye umugore wa gatatu wegukanye Fields Medal

Hong Wang w’imyaka 35 yigisha muri za kaminuza zo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’Ubufaransa. Yabaye umugore wa gatatu gusa mu mateka yose ya Fields Medal uyegukanye kuva iki gihembo cyatangira gutangwa mu 1936.

Ibi byafashwe nk’intambwe ikomeye mu kongera umubare w’abagore bagira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mibare, dore ko uyu mwuga umaze imyaka myinshi urimo abagabo benshi kurusha abagore.

Hong Wang yatsindiye iki gihembo kubera ubushakashatsi yakoranye na mugenzi we Josh Zahl, bakemura ikibazo cyari cyarashyizweho n’umuhanga w’Ubuyapani Soichi Kakeya mu mwaka wa 1917.

Ikibazo cyamaze imyaka irenga 100 kidafite igisubizo

Soichi Kakeya yari yaribajije ikibazo cyoroshye mu mvugo ariko gikomeye cyane mu mibare.

Yabajije ati: “Iyo ikaramu cyangwa inkoni uyizengurukije ikazenguruka dogere 360 zose, ni akahe gace gato ishobora kunyuramo”?

Iki kibazo cyagaragaraga nk’icyoroshye ariko cyabaye kimwe mu bibazo byakomeje guteza impaka mu mibare imyaka irenga ijana.

Hong Wang na Josh Zahl bagisesenguye bakoresheje uburyo bushya, bareba uko byagenda iyo icyo kintu kiri mu mwanya w’ibipimo bitatu (3D) aho kuba ku buso bugororotse (2D). Ubushakashatsi bwa bo bwasohotse umwaka ushize, buhabwa ishimwe rikomeye n’abahanga mu mibare.

Hong Wang yavuze ko ikibazo cya Kakeya gikomeje gushimisha abantu kubera ko ibisubizo bya cyo bifite akamaro mu zindi nzego nyinshi zirimo ubwenge buhangano (AI), ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho, ubugenge bwo gutunganya amashusho ndetse n’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima.

Yu Deng na we yakemuye ikibazo cyari kimaze imyaka isaga ijana

Undi Mushinwa wegukanye Fields Medal ni Yu Deng, ufite imyaka 37 akaba ari umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Chicago muri Amerika.

Yu Deng yahawe iki gihembo kubera gukemura kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byashyizweho n’umuhanga w’Umudage David Hilbert mu mwaka wa 1900.

Hilbert yari yarashyize ahagaragara ibibazo birenga 20 byagombaga kuyobora ubushakashatsi mu mibare mu kinyejana cya 20. Kimwe muri byo cyiswe Hilbert’s Sixth Problem.

Iki kibazo cyibandaga ku gusobanukirwa uburyo imyitwarire y’uduce duto cyane tw’ibintu ishobora gusobanura imyitwarire y’ikintu cyose muri rusange.

Yu Deng yakemuye iki kibazo yifashishije ubushakashatsi ku myitwarire y’imyuka (gases), agaragaza uburyo amategeko agenga uturemangingo duto ashobora gusobanura imyitwarire y’ibintu binini.

Yavuze ko yumva ari icyubahiro gikomeye kubona izina rye rishyizwe ku rutonde rw’abahanga yakundaga gusoma no kwigiraho kuva akiri umunyeshuri.

Aya makuru yakwirakwiriye cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zo mu Bushinwa.

Amagambo nka “Fields Medal” na “Abashinwa ba mbere begukanye Fields Medal” yabaye mu yavuzwe cyane kuri Weibo, Rednote n’izindi mbuga, aho abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni bayarebye cyangwa bakayaganiraho.

Umwe mu bakoresha Weibo yanditse ati: “Uyu ni umunsi w’ishema ku Bashinwa bose.”

Undi we yagize ati: “Turimo kureba amateka yandikwa imbere y’amaso yacu.”

Ibinyamakuru byinshi byo mu Bushinwa byahise bitangaza inkuru ndende zigaruka ku buzima bw’aba bahanga, amashuri bize, ubushakashatsi bakoze ndetse n’icyo intsinzi ya bo isobanuye ku gihugu.

Shing-Tung Yau, wabaye umuntu wa mbere ukomoka mu Bushinwa wegukanye Fields Medal, yavuze ko iyi ntsinzi ari inzozi abahanga mu mibare bo mu Bushinwa bari bamaze imyaka myinshi bategereje.

Yavuze ko imyaka myinshi igihugu cyagiye gishora amafaranga menshi mu burezi, mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, bityo kuba ubu gifite abatsindiye Fields Medal ari ikimenyetso cy’uko izo mbaraga zitangiye gutanga umusaruro.

Mu myaka ishize Ubushinwa bwubatse ibigo byinshi by’ubushakashatsi, bwongera umubare wa za kaminuza zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi buhanganye n’ubw’ibihugu bikomeye nk’Amerika n’Uburayi.

Fields Medal ni iki?

Fields Medal yashyizweho n’umuhanga w’Umunyakanada John Charles Fields, hagamijwe gushimira abahanga mu mibare bageze ku bikorwa bidasanzwe.

Iki gihembo gitangwa rimwe gusa buri myaka ine, kandi gihabwa gusa abashakashatsi bafite imyaka itarenga 40.

Impamvu hashyizweho iri genamigambi ry’imyaka ni ugushishikariza urubyiruko gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubumenyi.

Kubera ko igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel kidafite icyiciro cyihariye cy’imibare, Fields Medal ni cyo gihembo gifatwa nk’ikiruta ibindi muri uru rwego.

Mu mateka ya cyo, abantu bake cyane ni bo bamaze kucyegukana, bituma kuba umuntu agihabwa bimuhesha icyubahiro gikomeye mu isi y’ubushakashatsi.

Ese AI izasimbura abahanga mu mibare?

Itangwa rya Fields Medal ryabaye mu gihe isi ikomeje kuganira ku ruhare rw’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence cyangwa AI) mu bushakashatsi.

Uyu munsi AI ishobora gukora imibare myinshi mu kanya gato, gufasha mu gusesengura amakuru no gutanga ibisubizo byihuse.

Icyakora, abahanga bavuga ko nubwo AI ishobora gufasha cyane, idashobora gusimbura ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo gutekereza, guhanga ibitekerezo bishya no kubaza ibibazo bishya ari byo bituma ubumenyi butera imbere.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Hong Wang na Yu Deng bugaragaza ko nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, ubwonko bw’umuntu bugifite uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye byari bimaze imyaka myinshi bidafite ibisubizo.

Intsinzi ifite igisobanuro kirenze imibare

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iyi ntsinzi idafite akamaro ku mibare gusa, ahubwo inerekana ihinduka rikomeye mu bushakashatsi bw’isi, aho ibihugu byo muri Aziya bikomeje kuzamura urwego rwa byo mu bumenyi na siyansi.

Kwegukana Fields Medal kwa Hong Wang na Yu Deng ni ubutumwa bukomeye ku rubyiruko rukunda siyansi, bugaragaza ko kwihangana, gukora ubushakashatsi buhoraho no gukomeza kwiga bishobora gutuma umuntu akemura ibibazo byari byarananiye abahanga mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana.

Aya mateka azakomeza kwibukwa nk’igihe Ubushinwa bwinjiraga ku mugaragaro mu bihugu bifite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere imibare ku rwego rw’isi, ndetse bikaba byitezwe ko intsinzi y’aba bashakashatsi izashishikariza urundi rubyiruko kwinjira mu nzego za siyansi, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi n’imibare (STEM), zikomeje kuba inkingi z’iterambere ry’ibihugu byinshi ku isi.