Umudipolomate w’inararibonye ukomoka muri Uganda, Olara Otunnu, yatangaje ko yifuza kuyobora Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU), nyuma y’uko Guverinoma ya Uganda imushyikirije nk’umukandida ku mwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’uyu muryango.
Amakuru yatangajwe n’ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters ndetse n’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye byo muri Uganda agaragaza ko Otunnu yabaye umukandida wa karindwi umaze kwiyandikisha mu guhatanira gusimbura António Guterres, Umunya-Portugal uyoboye ONU kuva mu mwaka wa 2017.
Mandat ya Guterres izarangira mu mpera z’uyu mwaka, nyuma yo kurangiza manda ebyiri zikurikirana z’imyaka itanu kuri buri imwe, nk’uko biteganywa n’amahame agenga uyu muryango mpuzamahanga. Ibi bivuze ko ONU iri mu gihe cyo gushaka umuyobozi mushya uzahabwa inshingano zo kuyobora umuryango uhanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye birimo intambara zikomeje guca ibintu hirya no hino ku isi, amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye, ihindagurika ry’ikirere, ubukungu bwifashe nabi mu bice byinshi by’isi ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence cyangwa AI).
Olara Otunnu si mushya mu kazi ko ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu myaka yashize yabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru Wungirije wa ONU ndetse anakora nk’Intumwa Yihariye y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru ishinzwe kurengera abana bagizweho ingaruka n’intambara. Muri uwo mwanya yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guharanira ko abana bakoreshwa mu ntambara barengerwa, ndetse akora ubuvugizi kugira ngo ibihugu n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro bihagarike gukoresha abana mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.
Otunnu kandi yigeze kuba Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Uganda ndetse anahagararira igihugu cye muri Loni, ibintu byamuhaye ubunararibonye mu bya dipolomasi no mu gukemura amakimbirane mpuzamahanga.
Leta ya Uganda yamushyikirije nk’umukandida ibinyujije mu ibaruwa yandikiwe Perezida w’Inteko Rusange ya ONU ndetse na Perezida w’Akanama k’Umutekano ka ONU. Iyi baruwa yasobanuraga impamvu Uganda ibona Otunnu afite ubushobozi n’ubunararibonye bukenewe kugira ngo ayobore uyu muryango mu gihe isi iri guhangana n’ibibazo bikomeye.
Ku myaka 75 y’amavuko, Otunnu ni we mukandida ukuze kurusha abandi bamaze gutangaza kandidatire za bo. Nubwo imyaka ye ishobora gutuma bamwe bibaza niba azashobora guhangana n’ibibazo by’iki gihe, abayishyigikiye bavuga ko ubunararibonye bwe ari bwo bukomeye kurusha ibindi.
Mu nyandiko yasohoye agaragaza icyerekezo cye, Otunnu yavuze ko ONU ikeneye amavugurura yimbitse kugira ngo yongere kugira ijambo rikomeye mu bibazo by’isi. Yagaragaje ko hari inzego nyinshi zikora imirimo isa, bigatuma amafaranga menshi akoreshwa mu buryo budatanga umusaruro uhagije. Asanga hakenewe kugabanya imirimo isubirwamo, kunoza imicungire y’umutungo no kongera imikorere ishingiye ku mucyo n’ubunyamwuga.
Yanavuze ko naramuka atowe azashyira imbere gukemura intambara zikomeje guhitana abantu benshi no guteza ikibazo cy’impunzi mu bice bitandukanye by’isi. Muri iki gihe, isi ikomeje guhangayikishwa n’intambara zirimo iy’u Burusiya na Ukraine, amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ibibazo bikomeje muri Sudani, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Haiti ndetse n’ahandi.
Ikindi Otunnu yiyemeje ni ugushyiraho urwego rwihariye rushinzwe kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge bukorano (AI). Avuga ko iri koranabuhanga rifite inyungu nyinshi, ariko rikaba rishobora no guteza ibibazo bikomeye birimo amakuru y’ibinyoma, ibitero byo kuri internet, kubangamira ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage ndetse no kugira ingaruka ku isoko ry’umurimo. Asanga ONU ikwiye kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gushyiraho amategeko n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ikoreshwa rya AI.
Ku birebana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, Otunnu yavuze ko ibihugu bikwiye gukomeza gufatanya mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ariko anashimangira ko ibyo bikorwa bitagomba kubangamira iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bikennye, cyane cyane ibyo muri Afurika bikiri mu rugendo rwo kwihaza no guteza imbere inganda zabyo.
Uyu mwanya urimo guhatanirwa n’abandi banyapolitiki n’abadipolomate bafite amazina akomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Muri bo harimo Rafael Grossi ukomoka muri Argentine, usanzwe ayobora Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu za Nikleyeri (IAEA); Michelle Bachelet, wahoze ari Perezida wa Chile ndetse akanayobora Ishami rya ONU rishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu; Rebeca Grynspan, wahoze ari Visi Perezida wa Costa Rica; María Fernanda Espinosa, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Ecuador ndetse akaba yaranabaye Perezida w’Inteko Rusange ya ONU; Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Guyana; na Macky Sall, wahoze ayobora Sénégal.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko nubwo umukandida wese afite amahirwe, amaherezo icyemezo kizashingira cyane ku bwumvikane bw’ibihugu bitanu bihoraho mu Kanama k’Umutekano ka ONU, ari byo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, u Burusiya, u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza. Ibi bihugu bifite ububasha bwo guhagarika umukandida uwo ari we wese bikoresheje uburenganzira bwabyo bwo gutora bwitwa veto, bityo bikagira uruhare rukomeye mu guhitamo uzayobora uyu muryango.
Biteganyijwe ko muri iki cyumweru abagize Akanama k’Umutekano ka ONU kagizwe n’ibihugu 15 batangira ibiganiro byimbitse ndetse n’itora ritaziguye rigamije kugenda rikuramo abakandida badafite amahirwe menshi. Nyuma y’icyo cyiciro, umukandida uzaba ashyigikiwe n’Akanama k’Umutekano azashyikirizwa Inteko Rusange ya ONU kugira ngo yemezwe ku mugaragaro.
Nubwo abakandida barindwi ari bo bamaze gutangazwa, inzira yo gutanga kandidatire ntirarangira burundu. Hari amahirwe ko ibindi bihugu bishobora gukomeza gutanga abakandida mbere y’uko icyemezo cya nyuma gifatwa. Ibi bituma iri rushanwa rikomeza kuba rifunguye kandi rikurikiwe cyane n’amahanga, kuko uzatorwa azaba afite inshingano zo kuyobora umwe mu miryango ikomeye kurusha iyindi ku isi mu gihe cyuzuyemo ibibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuyobozi bufite icyerekezo, ubunararibonye n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza inyungu z’ibihugu bitandukanye.
Ibitekerezo