Umujyi wa Uvira wo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, ku Cyumweru tariki ya 2 Kanama 2026, wabereyemo umuhango wo kwibuka Abanye-Congo babarirwa muri za miliyoni bishwe cyangwa bagizweho ingaruka n’intambara zimaze imyaka isaga 30 zibasira Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Uyu muhango wabaye mu rwego rwo kwizihiza ku nshuro ya kane Umunsi w’Igihugu wa GENOCOST, ijambo rihinnye risobanura “jenoside igamije inyungu z’ubukungu”. Wabereye ahazwi nka Place du Monument, muri Komini ya Mulongwe, witabirwa n’abayobozi, abahagarariye inzego z’umutekano, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, abarokotse n’abaturage.
Wibanze cyane ku buhamya bw’abantu bavuga ko bahohotewe mu gihe umujyi wa Uvira wari warafashwe n’ihuriro rya AFC/M23. Bavuze ko hakorewe ibikorwa birimo kwica abasivili, kuburirwa irengero, gufata abantu ku ngufu, gusahura no gutuma abaturage bava mu ngo za bo.
Abo bacitse ku icumu basabye ko ibyabaye bidaheranwa n’ukwibagirana, ahubwo bigakorerwa iperereza ryigenga, ababigizemo uruhare bakamenyekana kandi bagashyikirizwa ubutabera.
Umuhango wo muri Uvira wari uyobowe na Jean-Jacques Elakano M’Yewa, Visi Guverineri wa Kivu y’Amajyepfo wari uhagarariye Guverineri Jean-Jacques Purusi Sadiki.
Abitabiriye umuhango bafashe buji zaka, bunamira mu ituze Abanye-Congo bishwe, ababuriwe irengero, abakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, abavuye mu bya bo ku gahato ndetse n’abatakaje imitungo ya bo kubera intambara.
Elakano yavuze ko ibikorwa byo kwibuka ari uburyo bwo kurinda amateka no gufasha abakiriho kumva uburemere bw’ibyabaye. Yashimangiye ko kwibuka bitagomba kugarukira ku muhango uba rimwe mu mwaka, ahubwo bigomba kujyana no gushaka ukuri, guhana abakoze ibyaha no gusana imibereho y’abarokotse.
Yagize ati “Kwibuka ni inshingano. Ubutabera ni uburenganzira bw’abahohotewe, kandi kubasubiza agaciro ni ngombwa kugira ngo amahoro arambye ashobore kubakwa.”
Mu gusoza umuhango, Visi Guverineri yanditse amagambo agira ati “Plus jamais ça”, bisobanura ngo “Ntibizongere ukundi”, ku rukuta rwiswe “Mur des Millions” cyangwa Urukuta rwa za Miliyoni.
Icyo gikorwa cyari ikimenyetso cy’ubwitange bwo kurwanya ko ubwicanyi, iyicarubozo, gusahura n’ihohoterwa byakongera gufatwa nk’ibikorwa bisanzwe mu turere tumaze igihe twugarijwe n’intambara.
Ubuhamya bw’abaturage ba Uvira
Igihe cyakoze ku mitima y’abitabiriye umuhango ni ubwo bamwe mu baturage ba Uvira bavugaga ibyo bahuye na byo mu gihe uwo mujyi wari warigaruriwe n’ingabo za AFC/M23.
Bamwe bavuze ko biboneye abasivili bicwa, abandi bakavuga ko hari bene wabo bafashwe bakajyanwa ahantu hatazwi. Hari n’abagaragaje ko imiryango ya bo yatatanye, mu gihe indi yasize inzu n’imitungo ihunga imirwano.
Mu muhango wabaye mu ituze ryinshi, abatanze ubuhamya basabye Leta kubarura neza abantu bose bishwe cyangwa baburiwe irengero, kugira ngo imiryango ya bo imenye ukuri. Banavuze ko hakenewe ubufasha bwo kuvura ibikomere byo ku mubiri n’ibyo mu mutima, indishyi ku mitungo yangijwe ndetse no kongera kubaka imibereho y’abasizwe iheruheru n’intambara.
Ibyo bavuze ni ibirego bikomeye bigomba gukorwaho iperereza ryimbitse kandi ryigenga. Itegeko mpuzamahanga risaba ko ibyaha by’intambara, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibindi bikorwa bikomeye bihonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu bitabarwa cyangwa ngo bihishe inyuma y’amasezerano ya politiki.
Raporo y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yo muri Werurwe 2026 yavuze ko mu duce twagenzurwaga na AFC/M23 hakomeje kuvugwa ihohoterwa n’ibikorwa bibangamiye uburenganzira bwa muntu. Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano kari kanamaganye ibikorwa bya M23 muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo n’ubufasha uwo mutwe uhabwa n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye ruhakana cyangwa rukamagana ibirego bimwe birushinja uruhare mu ntambara yo muri RDC, mu gihe M23 na yo ivuga ko intambara ya yo ishingiye ku bibazo bya politiki, umutekano n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage.
Ni ngombwa rero gutandukanya ubuhamya n’ibirego byatanzwe n’abaturage, imyanzuro y’inzego mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ibyemezo by’inkiko. Kugeza ibyaha bikorewe iperereza no gucirwa urubanza ni byo bishobora kugaragaza ababikoze n’uruhare rwa buri wese.
Umushinga wo kubaka urwibutso i Uvira
Ubuyobozi bwa Kivu y’Amajyepfo bwatangaje ko bugiye gukomeza igikorwa cyo kumenya imyirondoro y’abantu bafitanye isano n’imva rusange zabonetse muri iyo ntara.
Iki gikorwa giteganyijwe kujyana no gukusanya ubuhamya, kumenya amazina y’abapfuye, gusuzuma ibimenyetso no gufasha imiryango yashakishije abayo igihe kirekire. Gukora iyo mirimo bisaba inzobere mu buvuzi bwemewe n’amategeko, abashinzwe iperereza, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abahagarariye imiryango y’abahohotewe.
Elakano yatangaje kandi ko hari umugambi wo kubaka urwibutso rwa GENOCOST ku rwego rw’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, rukazashyirwa i Uvira.
Urwo rwibutso rwitezweho kuba ahantu ho kubika amazina, ubuhamya, inyandiko n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana amateka y’ihohoterwa ryakorewe abaturage. Rwanakoreshwa mu kwigisha urubyiruko ingaruka z’intambara, urwango no guharanira inyungu z’ubukungu binyuze mu kwica no guhungabanya abaturage.
Ariko abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bagaragaza ko kubaka inzibutso byonyine bidahagije. Hakenewe no kurinda ahabereye ibyaha, kubika ibimenyetso neza, kurinda abatangabuhamya no gushyiraho uburyo bworohereza abahohotewe kugana ubutabera batikanga kwihorerwa.
GENOCOST ni iki?
GENOCOST ni inyito yahujwe n’amagambo “genocide” na “cost”. Abayikoresha bashaka kugaragaza isano babona hagati y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abanye-Congo n’irushanwa ryo kwigarurira cyangwa gusahura umutungo kamere wa RDC.
RDC ifite amabuye y’agaciro akomeye arimo zahabu, coltan, cobalt, diyama, cuivre na tin. Amwe muri yo arakenewe cyane mu gukora telefoni, mudasobwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Nubwo ubwo bukungu bwashoboraga gufasha abaturage, mu bice byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu bwagiye buhinduka intandaro y’amakimbirane. Imitwe yitwaje intwaro yashinjwe kugenzura ahacukurwa amabuye, kwaka abaturage imisoro itemewe, gucuruza amabuye mu buryo bwa magendu no gukoresha inyungu zavuyemo mu kugura intwaro.
Umunsi wa GENOCOST uteganywa n’ingingo ya 28 y’Itegeko No 22/065 ryo ku wa 26 Ukuboza 2022, rigena amahame yo kurinda no guha indishyi abakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu bihe by’intambara n’abakorewe ibyaha byibasiye amahoro n’ikiremwamuntu. Watangiye kwizihizwa ku rwego rw’igihugu mu 2023, uba buri tariki ya 2 Kanama.
Itariki ya 2 Kanama ifite igisobanuro gikomeye mu mateka ya Congo kuko ari bwo, mu 1998, hatangiye Intambara ya Kabiri ya Congo. Iyo ntambara yaje guhuza ingabo z’ibihugu byinshi by’Afurika n’imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro, isiga abaturage benshi bishwe, abandi bicwa n’inzara, indwara no kubura ubuvuzi.
Icyakora, ijambo GENOCOST rikomeje kuba ubukangurambaga bwa Leta ya Congo n’imiryango y’abaturage bwo gusaba ko ibyabaye byemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka jenoside. Kugira ngo ibyaha byitwe jenoside mu rwego rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, hagomba kugaragazwa umugambi wo kurimbura, igice cyangwa itsinda ryose ry’abantu hashingiwe ku bwoko, igihugu, ibara cyangwa idini. Ibyo bisaba iperereza n’isuzuma ry’inkiko zibifitiye ububasha.
Raporo ya Mapping ikomeje kugarukwaho
Mu rugamba rwo gushaka ukuri, Abanye-Congo benshi bakomeje gusaba ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa ibyifuzo bya Raporo ya Mapping y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Iyo raporo y’amapaji arenga 550 yashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2010, ikubiyemo ibikorwa 617 by’ihohoterwa rikomeye bivugwa ko byakorewe muri RDC hagati ya Werurwe 1993 na Kamena 2003. Harimo ubwicanyi, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, kwangiza imidugudu, guhungisha abaturage ku ngufu n’ibindi byaha bishobora kujya mu rwego rw’ibyaha by’intambara cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.
Raporo ya Mapping ntiyari urubanza kandi ntiyemeje icyaha kuri buri muntu cyangwa buri gihugu cyavuzwemo. Ahubwo yagaragaje ibikorwa byasabaga iperereza ryimbitse, inatanga ibitekerezo ku buryo ubutabera bushobora gutangwa.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abakorewe ibyaha n’imiryango ya bo bagiye banenga ko ibyinshi mu bikorwa byanditswe muri iyo raporo bitigeze bigezwa mu nkiko. Ibyo byatumye umuco wo kudahana ukomeza gufatwa nk’imwe mu mpamvu zituma ihohoterwa risubira.
RDC yashyizeho Ikigega cy’Igihugu cyo guha indishyi abakorewe ibyaha, FONAREV, kugira ngo gifashe mu kubamenya, kubarinda no kubasubiza agaciro.
FONAREV ivuga ko inshingano za yo zirimo kwandika abahohotewe, kubafasha kubona ubuvuzi n’ubujyanama bwo mu mutwe, kubunganira mu by’amategeko no kubaha indishyi. Mu gihugu hose, icyo kigega cyatangaje ko abantu barenga miliyoni 1.2 bashobora kuba baranditswe nk’abahohotewe, mu gihe 4,000 bari bamaze kwemezwa n’ubutabera no gushyirwa ku rutonde rw’abagomba guhabwa indishyi.
Indishyi zishobora gutangwa mu buryo bw’amafaranga, kuvuzwa, gufashwa gusubira mu ishuri, kubakirwa, gusubizwa umutungo cyangwa gufashwa gutangira ibikorwa bibyara inyungu. Hari n’indishyi zihabwa abaturage muri rusange, zirimo kubaka amashuri, amavuriro, imihanda cyangwa inzibutso mu duce twibasiwe.
Ariko abacitse ku icumu bavuga ko indishyi zidashobora gusimbura ubutabera. Umuntu ashobora gufashwa kongera kubaka inzu cyangwa kwivuza, ariko agakomeza kubabazwa n’uko uwishe abe cyangwa uwamugiriye nabi atigeze akurikiranwa.
Ni yo mpamvu basaba ko gahunda yo kubaha indishyi ijyana no gushakisha ababigizemo uruhare, kubageza imbere y’inkiko no gushyiraho ingamba zituma ibyaha bitazongera.
Uvira ishaka guhindura ububabare inzira y’amahoro
Umuhango wabereye i Uvira wasize ubutumwa bukomeye: kwibuka abishwe bigomba kujyana no kumva amajwi y’abarokotse.
Amahoro arambye ntashobora kubakwa gusa binyuze mu gucecekesha imbunda. Asaba ko abaturage bamenya ukuri ku byabaye, abahohotewe bagasubizwa agaciro, abakoze ibyaha bagahanwa kandi abaturage bagahabwa uburyo bwo kongera kubaho batekanye.
Abitabiriye umuhango basabye kandi amahanga gushyigikira ubushakashatsi ku byaha byakorewe muri RDC, kurwanya ubucuruzi butemewe bw’amabuye y’agaciro no kutemerera abayobozi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro gukomeza kungukira mu mibabaro y’abaturage.
Ubutumwa “Ntibizongere ukundi” bwanditswe ku Rukuta rwa za Miliyoni buzagira agaciro ari uko buherekejwe n’ibikorwa bifatika. Ibyo birimo kurinda abasivili, gucukumbura imva rusange, kumenya abishwe, gufasha abacitse ku icumu no kugeza mu nkiko abantu bose bakekwaho ibyaha, hatitawe ku ruhande barwaniraga cyangwa urwego bariho.
Ku baturage ba Uvira, kwibuka GENOCOST si ugusubira gusa mu mateka ababaje. Ni uburyo bwo gusaba ko ubuzima bw’Abanye-Congo butongera gufatwa nk’ikiguzi gito kigomba gutangwa kugira ngo abandi babone ubukungu, amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ububasha bwa politiki.
Ibitekerezo