Sobanukirwa ubwoko bwa “Amazigh” bwizihije umwaka mushya wa 2976

Mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru y’Afurika, abaturage bo mu moko y’aba Amazigh bizihije umwaka mushya wa 2976. Uyu munsi mukuru uzwi ku izina rya Yennayer uba hagati y’itariki ya 12 n’iya 14 Mutarama bitewe n’akarere, ukizihizwa n’abatuye cyane muri Algeria, Maroc, Tunisia na Libya.

BBC yanditse ko mu gihe cya Yennayer, imiryango y’aba Amazigh itegura iminsi mikuru irangwa n’amafunguro yihariye, gucana ibishyito binini no gucuranga indirimbo n’imbyino gakondo, byose bigamije kwifurizanya umwaka mushya muhire. Ku angaminsi ya bo, bageze mu mwaka wa 2976, ikaba iri imbere cyane ugereranyije n’indangaminsi ikoreshwa henshi ku isi, kuko itangira mu mwaka wa 950 mbere ya Yezu Kristu, igihe Umwami Sheshonq yimaga ingoma ya Misiri.

Ijambo “Aseggas ameggaz” risobanura “umwaka mushya muhire” ryumvikana mu midugudu no mu mijyi ituwemo n’aba Amazigh. Baseruka bambaye imyambaro gakondo y’amabara anyuranye, idoze mu buryo buhanitse kandi irimbishijwe mu buryo bwihariye.

Izina Amazigh risobanura “abantu bisanzuye” cyangwa “abantu b’icyubahiro”, rikaba rigizwe n’amoko atandukanye y’abatuye Afurika y’amajyaruguru kuva mu bihe bya kera cyane. Kubera ko hatabaho ibarura ryemewe rya bo, umubare nyawo w’aba Amazigh ntumenyekana neza, ariko bikekwa ko ari za miliyoni nyinshi, aho Algeria na Maroc ari byo bihugu bibarurwamo benshi, kuko byibazwa ko hafi 40% by’abahatuye ari aba Amazigh.

Yennayer ishimangira ubumwe bw’imiryango, isubira mu buzima bushya n’umubano ukomeye aba Amazigh bafitanye n’ikirere, ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ibiribwa byifashishwa muri uyu munsi mukuru biratandukanye bitewe n’igihugu n’akarere.

Mu gace ka High Atlas muri Maroc, bakunda cyane ifunguro bita ourkemen, rikungahaye ku mboga, ibinyampeke n’ibirungo binyuranye. Muri Algeria, imiryango myinshi ikunda trèze, uruvange rw’imbuto zumishijwe, ubunyobwa n’imbuto z’umwimerere, bafata nyuma y’ifunguro nyamukuru. Abana bato bahabwa utuntu tw’udusabane twitwa snacks cyangwa collations mu rwego rwo kubifuriza amahirwe, ubukire n’iterambere.

Uyu munsi mukuru ntugarukira mu muryango gusa, kuko no mu mijyi hategurwa ibitaramo, imyidagaduro n’imyiyereko, bigatuma umwuka w’ibyishimo by’umwaka mushya usakara hose. Ibi bigaragaza ishema rikomeye ry’umuco w’aba Amazigh, abantu bamaze igihe kirekire birengagizwa cyangwa bahabwa akato.

Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, igihe Abarabu batangiraga kwigarurira Afurika y’amajyaruguru, bazanye ururimi rwa bo n’idini ya Islam, byaje kwemerwa n’amategeko bigatuma ururimi n’umuco by’aba Amazigh bigenda bisubira inyuma. Urugero ni muri Libya, aho mu gihe cya Muammar Gaddafi ururimi Tamazight rwari rwarabujijwe mu mashuri, ndetse n’ababyeyi ntibemererwaga guha abana amazina y’aba Amazigh.

Gusa, kubera ibikorwa by’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa bo, umuco n’ururimi byatangiye gusubirana agaciro mu myaka ya vuba. Mu 2011, Maroc yemeje Tamazight nk’ururimi rwemewe n’amategeko, naho Maroc na Algeria bemeza Yennayer nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko rusange mu 2017 no mu 2023.

Yennayer rero si umunsi wo kwizihiza umuco gusa, ahubwo ni n’urwibutso rw’urugendo rurerure rwo kurwanira uburenganzira, umuco n’ururimi by’aba Amazigh, bageze aho bari uyu munsi mu mwaka wa 2976.