Ihuriro ry’imitwe yitwaje intwaro izwi ku izina rya Wazalendo, irwana ku ruhande rw’Ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (FARDC), ryatangaje ko ryifuza kugira uruhare mu biganiro by’igihugu biteganyijwe guhuza ubutegetsi, abatavuga rumwe na bwo, sosiyete sivile n’izindi mpande zifite aho zihuriye n’ibibazo byugarije iki gihugu.
Abagize iri huriro bavuga ko uruhare bagize mu kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu no guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu burasirazuba bwa RDC rubaha uburenganzira bwo kugira ijambo mu biganiro bigamije gushakira igihugu amahoro arambye.
Wazalendo ishimangira ko ibiganiro bitazagera ku ntego ya byo mu gihe hari impande z’ingenzi zizaba zasigaye inyuma, cyane cyane abari ku rugamba buri munsi. Ivuga ko ifite amakuru n’ubunararibonye byihariye ku miterere y’umutekano mu ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, bityo ibyo izi bikaba byafasha mu gushaka ibisubizo bifatika.
Professeur Dady Saleh, uyobora ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’Abarwanashyaka bitangiye kurengera igihugu, rizwi nka CN-VDP cyangwa Wazalendo, yavuze ko biteguye kwitabira ibiganiro, ariko ko bategereje ko Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, usanzwe ari n’Umugaba w’Ingabo w’Ikirenga, abitangira uburenganzira.
Saleh yavuze ko nubwo Wazalendo ishyira imbere ibikorwa byo ku rugamba, yemera ko ibiganiro bya politiki na dipolomasi bishobora kugira uruhare mu gushakira RDC amahoro. Yagaragaje ko kurwana no kuganira bidakwiye gufatwa nk’ibintu bihabanye, kuko ibiganiro bishobora kugera ku bisubizo intambara yonyine itabasha gutanga.
Ati: “Dushyigikiye ibiganiro bizatangizwa n’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Nubwo icyihutirwa kuri twe ari urugamba, kuko turwana ku manywa na nijoro, tuzi ko no munsi y’igiti cy’ibiganiro abantu bashobora kuvugana bagashakira hamwe ibisubizo.”
Nubwo yemeye gushyigikira ibiganiro, Wazalendo yashyizeho ibyo yifuza ko byubahirizwa. Iri huriro rivuga ko ibiganiro bidakwiye guhinduka uburyo bwo gukingira ikibaba abantu bakekwaho ibyaha by’intambara, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu cyangwa ibyaha bikomeye by’ubukungu.
Saleh yavuze ko abazaba bafite ibimenyetso bibashinja kwica abaturage cyangwa kugira uruhare mu byaha bikomeye badakwiye guhabwa imyanya muri leta nk’igihembo cyo gushyira intwaro hasi. Ahubwo asanga bakwiye kubanza kubazwa ibyo bakoze imbere y’ubutabera.
Wazalendo ivuga kandi ko ibiganiro bitagomba kuba uburyo bushya bwo kugabana imyanya ya politiki hagati y’abategetsi, abatavuga rumwe na bo n’abayobozi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Ishimangira ko intego nyamukuru ikwiye kuba kurengera ubusugire bwa RDC, kugarura ubuyobozi bwa leta mu bice byose by’igihugu no guha abaturage umutekano.
Iri huriro rinavuga ko ibiganiro by’igihugu bigomba mbere na mbere kuba iby’Abanye-Congo. Ryihanangirije ko ridashyigikiye ko umuntu utari Umunye-Congo yahabwa umwanya wo gufata ibyemezo ku bibazo bireba ejo hazaza h’iki gihugu.
Icyakora, ntiharatangazwa ku mugaragaro urutonde rw’abazitabira ibyo biganiro, aho bizabera, igihe nyacyo bizatangirira cyangwa uburyo abahagarariye buri ruhande bazatoranywa.
Wazalendo si umutwe umwe
Nubwo izina Wazalendo rikunze gukoreshwa nk’aho risobanura umutwe umwe ufite ubuyobozi bumwe, mu by’ukuri rihuriza hamwe imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro n’amatsinda y’abaturage bavuga ko bitangiye kurengera igihugu.
Ijambo “Wazalendo” rikomoka ku Giswahili, risobanura “abakunda igihugu” cyangwa “abaharanira kurengera igihugu.” Ryatangiye gukoreshwa cyane kuva mu 2022, ubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru yishyiraga hamwe kugira ngo irwanye M23 yari yongeye kubura imirwano.
Nyuma y’uko M23 ikajije ibitero, ubutegetsi bwa RDC bwashyigikiye ishyirwaho ry’Abakorerabushake bo Kurengera Igihugu, Volontaires pour la Défense de la Patrie mu Gifaransa, bazwi nka VDP. Bamwe mu bagize imitwe yitwaga Wazalendo batangiye gukorana na FARDC ku rugamba.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Amakuru ku Mahoro (International Peace Information Service, IPIS), bugaragaza ko imikoranire ya Wazalendo na FARDC yagiye igorana kubera kutagira ubuyobozi buhuriweho, kudahuza ibikorwa neza n’uko imwe mu mitwe igize iri huriro ifite intego zishingiye ku duce cyangwa amoko ikomokamo.
Hari n’abayobozi b’ingabo za leta bagaragaje impungenge z’uko kugenzura abarwanyi bose ba Wazalendo bigoye, kuko bamwe bafata ibyemezo batabanje kugisha inama FARDC. Ibyo bishobora gutuma ibikorwa bya gisirikare bidahuza cyangwa hakavuka imirwano hagati y’amatsinda asanzwe avuga ko ari ku ruhande rumwe.
Abaturage bamwe bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bafata Wazalendo nk’abarwanyi b’intwari bahagurutse igihe igihugu cyari gikeneye ubufasha. Hari abemeza ko bafashije FARDC kudatakaza ibindi bice no gukomeza guhangana na AFC/M23.
Ariko kandi, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abaturage bo mu duce tumwe na tumwe bagiye bashinja bamwe mu barwanyi bitwa Wazalendo ibikorwa byo kwambura abaturage, kubasoresha mu buryo butemewe, gushyiraho za bariyeri no kugenzura ahacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro.
Hari n’ibirego by’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abaturage, ubwicanyi, gushimuta no kwinjiza abana mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro. Ibi bituma ikibazo cyo kubaha umwanya mu biganiro kiba ingorabahizi: hari abavuga ko kubasiga inyuma bishobora kubangamira amahoro, mu gihe abandi babona ko kubakira ku meza y’ibiganiro batabanje kubazwa ibyaha byaba ari uguhemba abantu bitwaje intwaro.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibiganiro bikwiye kubaha uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibibazo byabo, ariko bikajyana n’ubutabera. Kuba hari umutwe warwanye ku ruhande rwa leta ntibikwiye kuwukuraho inshingano zo kubazwa ibyaha abarwanyi ba wo bashobora kuba barakoze.
Ibiganiro byatangajwe na Tshisekedi
Ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2026, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yatangaje ko ashyigikiye ko habaho ibiganiro by’igihugu “bihuriweho na bose, bitekanye kandi byubahiriza amahame ya Repubulika.” Ibi yabivuze nyuma yo guhura n’abahagarariye amadini akomeye muri RDC.
Kuva ku wa 18 Nyakanga, Kiliziya Gatolika binyuze mu Nama y’Abepiskopi Gatolika muri Congo, CENCO, hamwe n’Itorero rya Kristo muri Congo, ECC, byatangiye kugirana ibiganiro n’amashyaka, inzego za leta, abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi na sosiyete sivile.
Abayobozi b’amadini bemeza ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare cyangwa ibyemezo bya politiki byonyine bidashobora gukemura burundu ibibazo bya RDC. Basanga hakenewe amasezerano yagutse yumvikanweho n’Abanye-Congo benshi, akemura ikibazo cy’umutekano, imiyoborere, amatora n’ubumwe bw’igihugu.
Ihuriro ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi rizwi nka Coalition Article 64, C64, ryasubitse imyigaragambyo ryari ryateganyije, nyuma y’ubusabe bwa Musenyeri Fridolin Ambongo wa CENCO na Rev. André Bokundoa uyobora ECC. Gusa iri huriro ryahaye ubutegetsi kugeza ku wa 15 Kanama 2026 ngo bube bwatangije ibiganiro ku mugaragaro.
C64 ivuga ko ishyize imbere kurengera Itegeko Nshinga ryo mu 2006 no kubuza ko ryavugururwa mu buryo bushobora kwemerera Perezida Tshisekedi gushaka manda ya gatatu cyangwa gutinza amatora ateganyijwe mu 2028.
Nubwo Tshisekedi yavuze ko ibiganiro bizaba bihuriweho na bose, haracyari impaka ku cyo iryo jambo risobanura. Bamwe mu bayobozi b’ishyaka rye, UDPS, bavuga ko imitwe yafashe intwaro ikica Abanye-Congo idakwiye gufatwa nk’umufatanyabikorwa wemewe mu biganiro bya politiki.
Ku rundi ruhande, bamwe mu bahagarariye sosiyete sivile bavuga ko ibiganiro byiswe ibya bose bitakagombye guheza imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kuko ari yo igomba gushyira intwaro hasi no kubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro azafatwa.
Néné Bintu Iragi, uhagarariye sosiyete sivile muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, yavuze ko gukumira imwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro bishobora kugabanya amahirwe yo kugera ku mahoro arambye. Yibukije ko ibiganiro bitagomba kuba iby’abanyapolitiki gusa, ahubwo bigomba no guha umwanya abaturage, abagore, urubyiruko, abahagarariye abakuwe mu byabo n’abagizweho ingaruka n’intambara.
AFC/M23 yo yatangaje ko itazitabira ibiganiro muri ubu buryo, mu gihe ihuriro Sauvons le Congo riyobowe n’uwahoze ari Perezida Joseph Kabila na ryo ryagaragaje ko uko ibintu bimeze ubu kutatuma ibiganiro byizewe bishoboka.
Ibi bishobora gutuma gahunda yiswe “ibiganiro bihuriweho na bose” itangira idafite bamwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye. Ni na yo mpamvu ibiganiro bikomeje kuba ku rwego rwo kugisha inama, mu gihe ibisobanuro birambuye bitaratangazwa.
Ibiganiro bya RDC, Doha na Washington
Ibiganiro by’igihugu ntibikwiye kwitiranywa n’izindi gahunda z’amahoro zisanzwe zihari. Hari ibiganiro bya Doha, byahuje ubutegetsi bwa RDC na AFC/M23 ku buhuza bwa Qatar. Hari kandi amasezerano ya Washington yashyizweho umukono ku wa 27 Kamena 2025 hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, ku buhuza bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Izo gahunda zose zifite aho zihurira, ariko ntabwo zisimburana. Amasezerano hagati y’ibihugu ashobora gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano wo mu karere, mu gihe ibiganiro na AFC/M23 bigamije guhagarika imirwano no gushaka umuti w’ibibazo by’uwo mutwe.
Ibiganiro by’igihugu byo bifite urwego rwagutse kurushaho. Byitezweho kuganira ku bibazo bya politiki, Itegeko Nshinga, imiyoborere, amatora, ubutabera, umutekano n’ubwiyunge hagati y’Abanye-Congo.
Wazalendo ishaka ko na yo ihabwa umwanya muri uru rwego, kuko ivuga ko kuba yaragize uruhare ku rugamba bituma igomba no kugira uruhare mu gutegura amahoro.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ibiganiro bishobora guhura na cyo ni ukumenya uko abarwanyi ba Wazalendo bazitwara igihe intambara izaba irangiye. Bamwe bashobora kwifuza kwinjizwa muri FARDC cyangwa mu ngabo z’ingoboka, abandi bagasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe.
RDC ifite gahunda ya P-DDRCS yo kwambura intwaro, gusezerera no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abagize imitwe yitwaje intwaro. Ariko iyo gahunda yakunze guhura n’ibibazo birimo kubura amafaranga, kutizerana no kuba abarwanyi bamwe basubira mu mashyamba iyo batabonye ubufasha basezeranyijwe.
Kwinjiza abarwanyi benshi mu gisirikare na byo bishobora kubyara ibindi bibazo. Amateka ya RDC agaragaza ko kwinjiza imitwe yose mu ngabo nta mahugurwa ahagije, igenzura cyangwa uburyo busobanutse bwo kuyobora bishobora gutuma imitwe mishya ivuka nyuma y’igihe gito.
Abasesenguzi basaba ko abarwanyi binjizwa mu ngabo bakirwa buri muntu ku giti cye, nyuma yo kugenzura imyitwarire ye, amahugurwa afite n’ibirego ashobora kuba akurikiranweho. Abandi bagafashwa gusubira mu mashuri, mu buhinzi, mu myuga cyangwa mu bucuruzi.
Amahoro arasaba ibirenze gushyira intwaro hasi
Nubwo ibiganiro bishobora gutuma imirwano ihagarara, impamvu z’ibanze zitera amakimbirane mu burasirazuba bwa RDC zigomba na zo gukemurwa. Harimo amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka, ivangura rikorerwa amwe mu matsinda, ubukene, ubushomeri, kutagira inzego za leta zikomeye no gucuruza amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe.
Hari kandi ikibazo cy’impunzi n’abakuwe mu bya bo, kutizerana hagati y’abaturage, ubutabera budatanga ibisubizo ku byaha byakozwe n’uburyo imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibona abayoboke bashya mu rubyiruko rudafite akazi.
Kubera izo mpamvu, uruhare rwa Wazalendo mu biganiro rushobora kuba ingenzi, ariko ntirukwiye kureberwa gusa mu byo yakoze ku rugamba. Hakenewe gusuzumwa abahagararira iri huriro, niba bafite ububasha bwo kuvugira imitwe yose irigize n’uko bazubahiriza ibyemezo bizafatwa.
Kugeza ubu, ubutegetsi bwa RDC ntiburavuga niba Wazalendo izemererwa kwitabira ibiganiro cyangwa umubare w’abazayihagararira. Icyakora, ubusabe bwa yo bwongereye indi ngingo ku bibazo bigomba kubanza gukemurwa mbere y’uko ibiganiro bitangira.
Ikizagaragaza niba ibiganiro bizatanga umusaruro si umubare w’abazabyitabira gusa. Bizaterwa n’ubushake bwa politiki, kubahiriza amasezerano, guha ijambo abagizweho ingaruka n’intambara no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibyemezo bizafatwa.
Wazalendo yo ivuga ko itegereje ubutumire bwa Perezida Tshisekedi. Ariko impaka ku ruhare rwa yo zigaragaza ikibazo gikomeye RDC imaze igihe ihanganye na cyo: uburyo bwo guha ijambo abafite intwaro mu rugendo rw’amahoro, hatabayeho guhemba urugomo cyangwa kwibagirwa ubutabera.
Ibitekerezo