Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko muri Australia, itegeko ribuza abana bari munsi y’imyaka 16 gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga ryabaye ingorabahizi kuko abenshi bakizikoresha.
Mu mpera za mwaka wa 2025, Australia yabaye igihugu cya mbere ku isi gishyizeho itegeko ribuza abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka 16 gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, X n’izindi zifite ibikorwa nk’ibyo.
Icyo cyemezo cyafashwe mu rwego rwo kurinda abana ingaruka ziterwa n’imikoreshereze mibi y’ikoranabuhanga zirimo ihohoterwa rikorerwa kuri interineti, gukwirakwizwa kw’amakuru y’ibinyoma, amashusho y’urukozasoni, ibikangurira abana kwiyangiza ndetse n’ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu mutwe.
Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bushya bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ikigo cya Australia gishinzwe umutekano wo kuri interineti (eSafety) bugaragaza ko nubwo hashyizweho iryo tegeko rikomeye, abana benshi bakomeje gukoresha izo mbuga nkoranyambaga nk’aho nta cyahindutse.
Raporo ya eSafety igaragaza ko abana barenga umunani muri buri 10 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 10 na 15 bakomeje gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nubwo amategeko abibabuza.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mbere y’uko iryo tegeko ritangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku wa 10 Ukuboza 2025, hafi 86% by’abana bakoreshaga nibura urubuga rumwe rwemerewe gusa abantu bakuru. Nyuma y’amezi atatu amategeko atangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, uwo mubare wagabanutseho gato gusa, ugera hejuru ya 81%.
Ibi bivuze ko nubwo hari konti zimwe zafunzwe, abana benshi babashije gusigarana izo bari bafite cyangwa bafungura izindi nshya.
Raporo kandi igaragaza ko hafi 58% by’urubyiruko rukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga buri munsi, mu gihe mbere y’iryo tegeko bari hafi 60%, bivuze ko impinduka zabaye ari nto cyane.
Impamvu abana bakomeje kubasha kuzikoresha
eSafety ivuga ko ikibazo gikomeye cyagaragaye ari uko ibigo bifite imbuga nkoranyambaga bitashyize mu bikorwa neza uburyo bwo kugenzura imyaka y’abazikoresha.
Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abana babashije kugumana konti za bo bavuze ko nta na rimwe basabwe kugaragaza imyaka ya bo.
Abandi bavuze ko konti za bo zari zisanzwe zigaragaza ko bafite imyaka 16 cyangwa irenga, mu gihe hari n’abemeza ko uburyo bwifashishwa n’ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura imyaka bwabafashe nk’abakuru kandi atari byo.
Abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bari baraburiye leta ya Australia mbere y’uko iryo tegeko ritangira ko bizagorana cyane kurishyira mu bikorwa neza.
Bavugaga ko abana bafite ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga bashobora gukoresha VPN ihisha aho bari, gukoresha amafoto atari aya bo cyangwa guhindura imyaka ya bo igihe bafungura konti, ndetse bamwe bakimukira ku zindi mbuga zitarebwa n’iryo tegeko.
Hari kandi abakoresha imikino yo kuri interineti ifite uburyo bwo kuganira n’abandi, cyangwa izindi porogaramu zitabarwa nk’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abana benshi bagikoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, leta ya Australia ivuga ko itegeko ritigeze rigamije kugera ku kubahirizwa ku kigero cya 100%.
Andrew Leigh, Minisitiri wungirije ushinzwe umusaruro, irushanwa mu bucuruzi n’imari ya Leta, yavuze ko iryo tegeko ryahinduye cyane uburyo abaturage batekereza ku ikoreshwa ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga n’abana.
Yagize ati: “Ntabwo twigeze twitega ko abantu bose bazaryubahiriza. No ku mategeko abuza abana kunywa inzoga mbere y’imyaka yemewe ntabwo yubahirizwa 100%, ariko ntibivuze ko ayo mategeko adafite akamaro.”
Leta ivuga kandi ko miliyoni zisaga 4.7 za konti zagaragaye ko zari iz’abana zamaze gufungwa kuva amategeko yatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibigo by’imbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora guhanishwa amande akomeye
Itegeko rya Australia riteganya ko ibigo 10 bikomeye bifite imbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gucibwa amande agera kuri miliyoni 33 z’amadolari ya Australia nibitagaragaza ko byafashe ingamba zifatika zo kubuza abana bari munsi y’imyaka 16 gufungura cyangwa gukomeza gukoresha konti.
Muri izo ngamba harimo gukoresha uburyo bwizewe bwo kugenzura imyaka y’umuntu ushaka gufungura konti.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenzura imyaka bukiri bugira intege nke, bigatuma abana babucaho bakoresheje amayeri atandukanye.
Hashize iminsi mike iryo tegeko ritangiye gukurikizwa, urubuga Reddit rwajyanye ikibazo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Australia, ruvuga ko hari ingingo za ryo zidahuye n’amategeko.
Nubwo urwo rubanza rugikomeje kuburanishwa, Reddit yakomeje kubahiriza amabwiriza ya leta mu gihe itegereje umwanzuro w’urukiko.
Kuki Australia yafashe iki cyemezo?
Leta ya Australia yavuze ko yafashe iki cyemezo nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko abana bahura n’ingaruka zikomeye zituruka ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2023, byagaragaye ko abana bane muri batanu bafite hagati y’imyaka umunani na 16 bakoreshaga imbuga nkoranyambaga, benshi muri bo bakazitangira bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 10 na 12.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko gukoresha izo mbuga bishobora guteza:
- Ihohoterwa ryo kuri interineti (Cyberbullying);
- Kwigunga no kwiheba;
- Kwigana imyitwarire mibi babona kuri interineti;
- Guhura n’abantu bafite imigambi yo kubashuka cyangwa kubahohotera;
- Gukoresha igihe kinini kuri telefone bikabangamira amasomo n’ibitotsi.
AI na yo yongereye impungenge
Abahanga bavuga ko iterambere ry’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence – AI) ryatumye ibibazo birushaho gukomera.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abahanga mu by’Imitekerereze (American Psychological Association) ryatangaje ko AI ishobora koroshya ikwirakwizwa ry’amashusho cyangwa amafoto y’ibinyoma (deepfakes), amashusho y’urukozasoni n’andi makuru ashobora kuyobya abana.
Ubushakashatsi bwa UNICEF bwasohotse mu 2025 bwagaragaje ko abana bo hirya no hino ku isi bafite impungenge z’uko AI ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora amashusho y’ibinyoma agamije ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa kubashuka.
Abahanga bavuga kandi ko abana bakunze kwemera ibyo AI ibabwiye batabanje kubisesengura neza, kuko ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amakuru y’ukuri n’ayahimbwe buba butarakomera.
Raporo ya eSafety igaragaza ko nta mpinduka zigaragara zabaye mu buryo abana bakina siporo, bitabira ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi, bamara igihe n’imiryango ya bo cyangwa bitabira ibikorwa by’abaturage.
Ibi byerekana ko nubwo igihe bamwe bamara ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyagabanutseho gato, ntibyahise bihindura cyane imibereho ya bo ya buri munsi.
Ibindi bihugu na byo biri gukurikira Australia
Icyemezo cya Australia cyakuruye impaka ku isi hose, ariko ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gutegura amategeko asa na yo.
Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza bwatangaje ko buteganya gutangira kubuza abana gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga zimwe na zimwe guhera mu mwaka wa 2027, mu gihe porogaramu zo kohererezanya ubutumwa nka WhatsApp na Signal, izo kwigisha n’izo gucururizaho kuri interineti zitazarebwa n’ayo mategeko.
Danemark na yo yatangaje ko ishaka kubuza abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, mu gihe Malaysia yavuze ko izashyiraho amabwiriza abuza abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 16 gufungura konti.
Mu Bugereki na ho, Minisitiri w’Intebe Kyriakos Mitsotakis yatangaje umugambi wo gutangira gukurikiza amategeko abuza abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15 gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga guhera ku wa 1 Mutarama 2027, mu gihe azaba amaze kwemezwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Nubwo amategeko akomeje gukazwa, abahanga mu kurengera abana bavuga ko gukemura ikibazo bidashobora gushingira ku mategeko gusa.
Basaba ko ababyeyi baganira n’abana ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, amashuri akigisha umutekano wo kuri interineti (digital literacy), naho ibigo by’imbuga nkoranyambaga bikongera imbaraga mu kugenzura imyaka y’abakoresha serivisi zabyo no gukuraho byihuse ibikubiyemo bishobora guteza ibyago ku bana.
Bemeza ko mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, kurinda abana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bisaba ubufatanye bwa leta, ababyeyi, amashuri, ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, aho kwishingikiriza ku mategeko yonyine.
Ibitekerezo