Moussa Mara wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Mali yarekuwe ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 1 Kanama 2026, nyuma yo kurangiza igihano cy’umwaka umwe muri gereza.
Uyu munyapolitiki utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare yari afungiwe muri Gereza ya Koulikoro, iri mu bilometero bigera kuri 50 uvuye i Bamako, umurwa mukuru wa Mali.
Umwe mu bayobozi b’ishyaka Le Changement, rizwi cyane ku izina rya Yelema kandi ryashinzwe na Moussa Mara, yabwiye Ibiro Ntaramakuru by’Abafaransa, AFP, ko umuyobozi wa bo yari amaze kuva muri gereza kandi ari mu nzira asubira iwe i Bamako.
Yagize ati: “Moussa Mara yarekuwe kuri uyu wa Gatandatu nyuma yo kurangiza igihano cye. Ndabyemeza. Ubu umuyobozi wacu ari mu nzira ajya iwe i Bamako.”
Uyu muyobozi utatangajwe amazina kubera impamvu z’umutekano yavuze ko abayoboke n’abashyigikiye Moussa Mara bishimiye kongera kumubona hanze ya gereza, nyuma y’amezi 12 yari amaze afunzwe.
Amakuru y’irekurwa rye yemejwe kandi n’umwe mu bantu bakora mu nzego z’ubutabera muri Mali. Yavuze ko Moussa Mara yavuye muri Gereza ya Koulikoro nyuma yo kurangiza igice cy’igihano cyagombaga kurangirizwa muri gereza.
Uyu wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe yari yarakatiwe imyaka ibiri y’igifungo, ariko umwaka umwe muri yo urasubikwa. Ibi bivuze ko kuba yarekuwe atari uko yagizwe umwere cyangwa ngo ahabwe imbabazi, ahubwo ni uko yari arangije umwaka umwe w’igifungo nyakuri yari yarakatiwe. Umwaka umwe wasubitswe ukomeza kuba igice cy’umwanzuro w’urukiko wamufatiwe. APA News yatangaje ko yamaze amezi 12 yose afunzwe, kuva ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2025 kugeza ku ya 1 Kanama 2026.
Yafunzwe nyuma y’ubutumwa yashyize ku mbuga nkoranyambaga
Moussa Mara yatawe muri yombi ku ya 1 Kanama 2025, nyuma y’igihe inzego z’ubutabera zari zimaze zimuhamagaza no kumubaza ku butumwa yari yatambukije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Muri ubwo butumwa, yavuze ko yari yasuye abantu batandukanye bari bafunzwe, yise “imfungwa z’ibitekerezo.” Yabijeje ko igihe kizagera bakabona ubutabera kandi ko atazahwema kubashyigikira.
Mu bantu bivugwa ko yari yasuye harimo abanyapolitiki, abarwanashyaka n’abandi bantu bari bafunzwe nyuma yo kunenga ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare cyangwa gusaba ko Mali isubira ku butegetsi bwa gisivili bushingiye ku matora.
Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko amagambo ya Moussa Mara yashoboraga gutuma abaturage batakariza icyizere inzego za Leta no gutera abantu kurwanya ubuyobozi bwemewe. Yashinjwe ibyaha byasobanuwe nko “gutesha agaciro Leta” no “kurwanya ubutegetsi bwemewe.”
Ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2025, urwego rw’ubutabera rushinzwe kurwanya ibyaha bikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga i Bamako rwamukatiye imyaka ibiri y’igifungo, umwaka umwe muri yo ukaba uw’igifungo nyakuri, undi ugasubikwa. Yanaciwe ihazabu y’amafaranga ibihumbi 500 akoreshwa mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, CFA, angana n’amayero agera kuri 762.
Abunganiraga Moussa Mara mu mategeko bajuririye icyo cyemezo, ariko ku ya 9 Gashyantare 2026, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Bamako rushimangira igihano yari yahawe. Ibyifuzo bye byo kurekurwa by’agateganyo na byo byari byaranze kwakirwa mu gihe urubanza rwari rugikomeza. Anadolu Agency yatangaje ko urukiko rwagumishijeho igihano cy’imyaka ibiri, harimo umwaka umwe w’igifungo nyakuri.
Abunganizi be, barimo Mountaga Tall na Mamadou Ismaïla Konaté, bari batangaje ko bashaka kujyana urubanza mu rukiko rusesa imanza, bavuga ko ibyo umukiliya wa bo yazize byari ibitekerezo bya politiki bitagombaga gufatwa nk’icyaha.
Amnesty International yari yasabye ko arekurwa
Ifungwa n’ikatirwa rya Moussa Mara byamaganwe n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Amnesty International yavuze ko gufunga umuntu kubera kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye mu mahoro binyuranyije n’uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo atekereza.
Uyu muryango wavuze ko amagambo yashinjwaga atarimo guhamagarira abantu gukoresha urugomo cyangwa gukora ibyaha. Wemeje ko ahubwo yari yaragaragaje ko ashyigikiye abantu yari afata nk’abafungiwe ibitekerezo bya bo.
Amnesty International yasabye ubutegetsi bwa Mali gutesha agaciro igihano cya Moussa Mara no kumurekura nta yandi mananiza. Yavuze ko urubanza rwe rwari mu murongo mugari wo gukoresha ubutabera mu gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Amnesty International yanagaragaje impungenge ku bandi banyapolitiki, abanyamakuru n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bari bafunzwe cyangwa bagumishijwe muri gereza nubwo bamwe bari barangije ibihano bya bo.
Irekurwa rya Moussa Mara rero rije rifite igisobanuro gikomeye ku bantu baharanira ubwisanzure bwa politiki muri Mali. Icyakora, kuba yarangije igihano ntibikuraho umwanzuro w’urukiko cyangwa impaka zatewe n’urubanza rwe.
Moussa Mara ni muntu ki?
Moussa Mara yavukiye i Bamako ku ya 2 Werurwe 1975. Azwi cyane muri politiki ya Mali, ariko yanakoze nk’impuguke mu bijyanye n’ibaruramari, imicungire y’imari n’ubugenzuzi bw’ibigo.
Yinjiye muri politiki agaragaza ko ashaka kuzana impinduka mu miyoborere, kurwanya ruswa no guteza imbere uburyo Leta ikoreramo abaturage. Yashinze ishyaka Yelema, ijambo risobanura “impinduka” mu rurimi rwa Bambara.
Yigeze kuyobora Komini ya IV mu Mujyi wa Bamako, aba Minisitiri ushinzwe imijyi na politiki y’imiturire, ndetse yiyamamariza kuyobora Mali mu matora ya Perezida yo mu 2013.
Ku ya 5 Mata 2014, Perezida Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta yamugize Minisitiri w’Intebe. Yagiye kuri uwo mwanya mu gihe Mali yari ikirwana no kongera kubaka inzego zayo nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryo mu 2012, kwigarurirwa kw’amwe mu majyaruguru y’igihugu n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ndetse n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba.
Moussa Mara yamaze amezi hafi icyenda ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe. Yeguye muri Mutarama 2015, asimburwa na Modibo Keïta.
Igihe yari Minisitiri w’Intebe, urugendo yagiriye mu Mujyi wa Kidal muri Gicurasi 2014 rwateje impaka zikomeye. Imirwano yubuye hagati y’ingabo za Leta n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba, bitera Leta igihombo gikomeye mu bya gisirikare kandi abayobozi benshi barapfa cyangwa barafatwa. Abamunengaga bavuze ko urwo rugendo rutari rwateguwe neza, mu gihe we yakomeje kuvuga ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kujya mu gace kose k’igihugu.
Nyuma yo kuva ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe, Mara yakomeje kugira uruhare muri politiki, gusohora ibitabo no gutanga ibitekerezo ku bibazo by’imiyoborere, ubukungu n’umutekano muri Mali no mu karere ka Sahel.
Irekurwa rya Moussa Mara ribaye mu gihe Mali ikomeje kuyoborwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwagiyeho nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi kabiri.
Ku ya 18 Kanama 2020, abasirikare bahiritse Perezida Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yari imaze igihe imushinja ruswa, imiyoborere mibi no kunanirwa gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano.
Mu 2021, habaye irindi hirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryatumye Assimi Goïta, wari waragize uruhare rukomeye mu ryabanje, afata ubuyobozi bwose bw’inzibacyuho. Nyuma ya ho yazamuwe mu ntera agirwa jenerali.
Ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwari bwasezeranyije ko buzasubiza ubutegetsi abasivili binyuze mu matora. Amatora yabanje guteganywa muri Gashyantare 2022, nyuma inzibacyuho igomba kurangira bitarenze Werurwe 2024. Ibyo byombi ntibyubahirijwe, kandi amatora yakomeje gusubikwa nta gihe gishya gisobanutse atangajwe.
Muri Nyakanga 2025, Assimi Goïta yahawe manda y’imyaka itanu ishobora kongerwa inshuro nyinshi, nta matora rusange abaye. Icyo cyemezo cyafashwe nyuma y’ibiganiro byari byitabiriwe n’abashyigikiye ubutegetsi, mu gihe amashyaka akomeye atavuga rumwe na bwo yari yarabyanze cyangwa atarabigizemo uruhare. TV5 Monde yatangaje ko iyo manda ishobora kongerwa inshuro nyinshi mu gihe ubutegetsi buvuga ko igihugu kitarabona amahoro.
Abashyigikiye Goïta bavuga ko ubutegetsi bwe bukeneye igihe gihagije kugira ngo bubanze busubize umutekano mu gihugu, buvugurure inzego za Leta kandi burwanye ruswa. Abatavuga rumwe na we bo bavuga ko umutekano ukoreshwa nk’impamvu yo gukomeza ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare no gusubika amatora.
Amashyaka ya politiki yarasheshwe
Muri Gicurasi 2025, ubutegetsi bwa Mali bwasheshe amashyaka yose ya politiki n’imiryango ikora ibikorwa bifitanye isano na politiki. Bwanabujije abayoboke ba yo gukora inama mu mazina y’ayo mashyaka.
Icyo cyemezo cyafashwe nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yari yabereye i Bamako, aho abaturage n’abanyapolitiki basabaga ko inzibacyuho irangira, amatora agategurwa kandi ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare ntibuhinduke ubwa burundu.
Abategetsi bavuze ko amashyaka menshi atakoraga neza kandi ko kuvugurura politiki byari bikenewe. Abayobozi b’amashyaka bo bavuze ko kuyasesa byari uburyo bwo gukuraho amajwi yose anenga ubutegetsi.
Ku ya 13 Gicurasi 2025, Assimi Goïta yashyize umukono ku iteka risesa amashyaka n’imiryango ya politiki mu gihugu hose. Associated Press yatangaje ko iryo teka ryakurikiye igihe cyaranzwe n’imyigaragambyo, ifatwa rya bamwe mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ndetse n’amakuru y’abantu bashimuswe.
Nubwo Yelema yari yarasheshwe ku rwego rw’amategeko kimwe n’andi mashyaka, abayoboke baryo bakomeje kwita Moussa Mara umuyobozi wabo no gukurikirana ikibazo cye. Ibi bigaragaza ko nubwo ibikorwa by’amashyaka byahagaritswe, imiyoboro yayo n’abayashyigikiye bitahise bicika burundu.
Impaka za politiki muri Mali zibera mu gihugu kimaze imyaka irenga icumi gihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano.
Kuva mu 2012, imitwe y’intagondwa ifitanye isano na al-Qaeda na Leta ya Kisilamu yakomeje kugaba ibitero mu majyaruguru no hagati mu gihugu. Ibikorwa byayo byagiye bigera no mu tundi duce, bigahitana abasirikare n’abaturage kandi bigatuma abantu benshi bahunga ingo zabo.
Ingabo za Mali zakoranye igihe kirekire n’Ubufaransa n’ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zari mu butumwa bwa MINUSMA. Umubano w’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba waje kuzamba, ingabo z’Ubufaransa zirahava, ubutumwa bwa MINUSMA na bwo busozwa mu mpera za 2023.
Mali yahise irushaho kwegera Uburusiya mu bijyanye n’umutekano. Abategetsi bavuga ko ubwo bufatanye bwafashije ingabo kwigarurira uduce tumwe na tumwe no kwigobotora ibyo bafata nk’igitutu cy’amahanga. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, ariko, yagiye ishinja ingabo za Mali n’abazifasha gukora ibikorwa bihitana abaturage. Leta ya Mali yakunze guhakana ibyo birego cyangwa ikavuga ko ikora iperereza.
Usibye ikibazo cy’umutekano, igihugu gihanganye n’ubukene, ubushomeri, izamuka ry’ibiciro, kwimurwa kw’abaturage n’ibura rya serivisi z’ibanze mu duce twibasiwe n’intambara. Ibi byose bituma ikibazo cy’imiyoborere na demokarasi kirushaho gukomera.
Irekurwa rye rizakurikirwa iki?
Moussa Mara yari umwe mu banyapolitiki bake bari bakomeje kunenga ubutegetsi bari imbere mu gihugu, mu gihe bamwe mu bandi bavuye muri Mali, bafungwa cyangwa bakagabanya ibikorwa byabo kubera impungenge z’umutekano.
Kurekurwa kwe bishobora kongera ikizere mu bayoboke be no mu bandi basaba ko urubuga rwa politiki rwongera gufungurwa. Gusa ntibiramenyekana niba azahita asubira mu bikorwa bya politiki, azakomeza gutanga ibitekerezo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa azahitamo kubanza kumara igihe kure y’itangazamakuru.
Hazakomeza no kwibazwa niba ubutegetsi buzamwemerera kuvuga no gukora nta mbogamizi, cyane cyane ko amashyaka yasheshwe kandi ibikorwa bya politiki bikaba bikurikiranwa cyane.
Moussa Mara asohotse muri gereza arangije igihano cye, ariko impamvu zamugejejeyo ziracyari izingiro ry’impaka zikomeye muri Mali. Ku ruhande rumwe, ubutegetsi buvuga ko buri wese agomba kubahiriza amategeko no kwirinda amagambo atesha agaciro inzego z’igihugu. Ku rundi ruhande, abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bavuga ko kunenga ubutegetsi no gushyigikira imfungwa bitagomba guhindurwa ibyaha.
Irekurwa rye rero ntirisoza gusa umwaka yamaze muri gereza. Rifungura ikindi gice cy’urugendo rwe rwa politiki kandi rikongera kubyutsa ikibazo gikomeye cy’ahazaza ha demokarasi, ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo n’amatora muri Mali iyobowe n’abasirikare.
Ibitekerezo