Uganda iri guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa, cyane cyane mu karere ka Karamoja gaherereye mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu aho umubare w’abahitanwa n’inzara ukomeje kwiyongera.
Amapfa amaze igihe, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, ubukene, amakimbirane ashingiye ku matungo, imicungire idahwitse y’umusaruro n’ishoramari ridahagije mu buhinzi biri mu byatumye iki kibazo kirushaho gukomera.
Abantu bagera kuri 19 bamaze gupfa bazize ingaruka z’inzara muri Karamoja, mu gihe abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.5 bafite ibyago byo kwibasirwa n’imirire mibi. Abana, abagore batwite n’abonsa, abasaza, abafite ubumuga n’imiryango ikennye cyane ni bo bibasiwe kurusha abandi.
Iki kibazo cyatumye Leta ya Uganda itangira kugabanya ibiribwa by’ubutabazi, birimo ifu y’ibigori n’ibishyimbo. Icyakora, abasesenguzi bavuga ko gutanga ibiribwa byihutirwa bishobora kurokora ubuzima muri iki gihe, ariko bitazakuraho impamvu zituma Karamoja ihora yibasirwa n’inzara.
Karamoja ni akarere kagari, kagizwe ahanini n’ubutaka bwumutse kandi bugoranye guhingwamo. Abaturage benshi batunzwe n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, bityo kubura kw’imvura bigira ingaruka zihuse ku mibereho ya bo nk’uko Al Jazeera yabitangaje.
Imvura yari iteganyijwe kugwa kuva muri Mata 2026 ntiyabonetse ku rugero ruhagije. Abaturage bari barateye ibigori, amasaka, uburo, ibishyimbo n’ibindi bihingwa babonye imyaka yabo iruma itarera. Ibyatsi amatungo arisha na byo byaragabanutse, amasoko y’amazi arakama, bituma amatungo agira intege nke, arwara cyangwa agapfa.
Agnes Kirabo, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’umuryango Food Rights Alliance, yavuze ko mu bice byinshi igihombo cy’imyaka kiri hagati ya 50% na 70%. Hegitari zibarirwa mu bihumbi z’imyaka zagizweho ingaruka, kandi agaciro k’ibyangiritse kabarirwa muri miliyari nyinshi z’amashilingi ya Uganda.
Iyo imyaka yumye, abaturage ba Karamoja ntibabura gusa ibyo kurya, babura n’umusaruro bari kugurisha kugira ngo babone amafaranga yo kugura imiti, kwishyurira abana ishuri cyangwa kubona ibindi bikenerwa mu muryango.
Abantu bamwe batangiye kuva mu ngo za bo bajya gushakisha akazi ahandi. Abasigaye bakora imirimo ivunanye, irimo gutwika amakara, gucukura amabuye no gushakamo ibisigazwa bya zahabu, kugira ngo babone amafaranga make yo kugura ifu y’ibigori cyangwa ibishyimbo.
Lucia Lomiza, umwe mu baturage ba Karamoja, yavuze ko agifite agahinda ko kubura umugabo we, wapfuye azize ibibazo by’ubuzima byakajijwe n’amapfa n’ibura ry’ibiribwa. Yavuze ko benshi mu bagize umuryango we bavuye mu mudugudu bajya gushakisha imibereho ahandi, mu gihe we adafite imbaraga zo gukora imirimo irimo gutwika amakara.
Ku biro by’ubuyobozi bw’uturere, abaturage bashonje bahagera buri munsi bizeye guhabwa icyo kurya. Ariko abayobozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze bavuga ko na bo badafite ibiribwa bihagije byo guha ababagana.
Elijah Loore, uyobora komite ishinzwe guhangana n’ibiza muri kamwe mu turere twa Karamoja, yavuze ko umubare w’abafite imirire mibi ukomeje kwiyongera. Yagaragaje ko abana, ababyeyi bonsa, abagore batwite, abasaza n’abantu bafite ubumuga ari bo bari mu kaga gakomeye.
Ibigo nderabuzima byo muri ako karere na byo biri kwakira abana benshi bafite imirire mibi ikabije. Raporo zitandukanye zagaragaje ko mu turere twa Kaabong na Kotido, igice kinini cy’abaturage kiri ku rwego rukomeye rw’ibura ry’ibiribwa.
Nubwo amapfa ari yo yahise agaragara nk’intandaro y’iki kibazo, abahanga bavuga ko inzara yo muri Karamoja idashobora gusobanurwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe gusa.
Kristof Titeca, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’Antwerp mu Bubiligi wakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Uganda no muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo, avuga ko ikibazo cyatewe n’impamvu nyinshi zihurira hamwe.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye ibihe by’imvura n’izuba birushaho kutamenyekana neza. Hari igihe imvura itinda kugwa, ikagwa ari nke cyangwa ikagwa ari nyinshi cyane mu gihe gito, amazi agatemba ntashobore gucengera mu butaka. Ibyo bituma abahinzi batamenya neza igihe cyo gutera, maze imyaka ya bo ikuma cyangwa igatwarwa n’amazi.
Karamoja yanibasiwe n’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije. Gutema amashyamba, gutwika amakara, kuragira amatungo menshi ahantu hamwe no gukoresha ubutaka budahawe umwanya wo kongera kurumbuka byagabanyije ubushobozi bwabwo bwo kubika amazi no gutanga umusaruro.
Ubukene butuma abaturage batema ibiti kugira ngo babone amakara yo kugurisha. Ariko uko ibiti bigabanuka ni ko ubutaka burushaho kuma, umuyaga ugatwara ifumbire yabwo, amapfa na yo akarushaho kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Ni uruhererekane rugoye guca igihe nta bundi buryo bwo kubona imibereho abaturage bahawe.
Ubujura bw’amatungo bwakajije ikibazo
Abaturage benshi ba Karamoja basanzwe bafata amatungo nk’isoko y’ibiribwa, umutungo w’umuryango n’uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibihe bibi. Inka, ihene n’intama bishobora kugurishwa kugira ngo umuryango ugure ibiribwa mu gihe imyaka itabonetse.
Nyamara, ubujura bw’amatungo n’amakimbirane hagati y’aborozi byatumye imiryango myinshi itakaza amashyo yari isanzwe yishingikirizaho. Imiryango yatakaje amatungo kandi ikabura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi isigarana amahitamo make cyane.
Ibikorwa by’umutekano byo kwambura abaturage intwaro byagabanyije ubujura bw’amatungo mu bice bimwe, ariko hari aho byahungabanyije urujya n’uruza rw’abaturage, ubucuruzi n’ubushobozi bwa bo bwo kugera ku masoko cyangwa gushaka inzuri.
Iyo umutekano uhungabanye, abacuruzi batinya kujyana ibiribwa mu duce twa kure. Ababijyanayo bakongeza ibiciro bitewe n’ikiguzi cy’ingendo n’ibyago bahura na byo. Ibyo bituma umuryango usanzwe udafite umusaruro udashobora no kugura ibiribwa ku isoko.
Karamoja imaze igihe idahabwa amahirwe angana n’ay’abandi
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko amateka ya Karamoja na yo afite uruhare rukomeye. Kuva mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, aka karere kakunze gushyirwa ku ruhande mu bikorwa by’iterambere. N’igihe Uganda yabonaga ubwigenge, ishoramari mu mihanda, uburezi, ubuzima, amazi n’ubuhinzi ntiryihutishijwe ku kigero gihagije.
Karamoja ifite umutungo kamere urimo zahabu, amabuye ya limestone na granite. Nyamara, abaturage bavuga ko amafaranga ava muri uwo mutungo atagaruka mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo byabafasha kwiteza imbere.
Job Kijji, uyobora ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku miyoborere cya IDEA muri Uganda, avuga ko biteye agahinda kubona akarere gafite umutungo kamere mwinshi karimo abaturage bicwa n’inzara.
Yibukije ikibazo cy’amabati yari agenewe kubakira abaturage batishoboye bo muri Karamoja, ariko amwe akajya mu maboko y’abayobozi bakuru. Icyo kibazo cyafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko ruswa n’imicungire mibi bishobora kunyereza umutungo wagenewe abatishoboye.
Kijji avuga ko ikibazo atari uko Uganda yose yabuze ibiribwa. Ahubwo ari uko igihugu kidafite uburyo bukomeye bwo kubika umusaruro no kuwuvana mu turere tweza cyane ukagezwa mu turere dufite ibura ry’ibiribwa.
Mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda, hari igihe aborozi babura isoko ry’amata ya bo, amwe akangirika cyangwa akamenwa. Muri Karamoja, abana bashobora kuryama batariye cyangwa bakicwa n’imirire mibi. Iri tandukaniro rigaragaza icyuho mu gutunganya, kubika no gukwirakwiza ibiribwa.
Igabanuka ry’imfashanyo ryongereye ubukana
Igabanuka ry’inkunga mpuzamahanga na ryo ryagize uruhare mu gukomeza iki kibazo. Impinduka muri gahunda z’imfashanyo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’ibindi bihugu zatumye imiryango mpuzamahanga igabanya ibikorwa bya yo muri Uganda.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa, WFP/PAM, ryagabanyije ubufasha ryahaga benshi mu mpunzi n’abandi baturage bari mu kaga kubera kubura amafaranga ahagije. Uganda icumbikiye impunzi nyinshi zituruka muri Sudani y’Epfo, Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, Sudani n’ibindi bihugu.
Iyo inkunga igabanutse, imiryango itabara abashonje ihatirwa guhitamo abafite ibibazo bikomeye kurusha abandi, kugabanya ingano y’ibiribwa itanga cyangwa guhagarika ubufasha kuri bamwe. Ibyo byongera igitutu kuri Leta ya Uganda, na yo iba igomba gufasha abaturage bayo n’impunzi yakiriye.
WFP ivuga ko nubwo Uganda ifite ubushobozi bukomeye mu buhinzi kandi ikohereza ibiribwa hanze, ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa mu baturage bamwe gikomeje gufatwa nk’igikomeye. Karamoja yo imaze igihe iri mu turere dufite ibipimo biri hasi cyane by’iterambere.
Leta yatangiye gutanga ibiribwa
Nyuma y’uko abantu 19 bapfuye bazize ingaruka z’inzara, ku wa 22 Nyakanga 2026 Leta ya Uganda yatangiye igikorwa cyo gutanga ibiribwa muri Karamoja.
Ikigo cya Uganda gishinzwe itangazamakuru cyatangaje ko Leta yateganyije miliyari 45 z’amashilingi ya Uganda, ni ukuvuga hafi miliyoni 12 z’amadolari, kugira ngo igure kandi ikwirakwize ibiribwa by’ubutabazi. Biteganyijwe ko toni zirenga 9.400 z’ibiribwa, ni ukuvuga ibiro miliyoni 9.4, zizahabwa imiryango 313,987 yo muri paruwasi 480, mu turere icyenda tugize Karamoja.
Ibyo biribwa bigizwe ahanini n’ifu y’ibigori n’ibishyimbo. Igikorwa cyo kubigabanya cyateganyijwe kumara amezi abiri, Nyakanga na Kanama 2026. Leta ivuga ko intego ya mbere ari ugutabara ubuzima no kugabanya imirire mibi mu miryango yugarijwe kurusha iyindi.
Minisitiri ushinzwe ibiza n’impunzi, Sam Engola, yavuze ko Leta irimo gukorana na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ndetse na WFP mu gushaka ibisubizo by’igihe kirekire. Muri byo harimo kubaka uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka, ibidendezi bifata amazi, ibigega by’imyaka no guteza imbere imbuto zihanganira amapfa n’indwara kandi zera vuba.
Leta yanemeye kuzatanga imbuto zijyanye n’imiterere y’ikirere cya Karamoja mbere y’igihembwe gikurikira cy’ihinga. Icyifuzo ni uko ako karere kazava ku gutegereza ibiribwa by’ubutabazi buri mwaka, kakaba akarere gashobora kwihaza ndetse kakagaburira n’utundi turere.
Ibiribwa by’ubutabazi ntibihagije
Abahanga bemera ko ibiribwa bitangwa ubu ari ingenzi kuko hari abantu bakeneye gutabarwa ako kanya. Ariko bavuga ko iyo Leta igarukira ku gutanga ifu y’ibigori n’ibishyimbo nyuma y’uko abantu bamaze gupfa, iba ivura ingaruka aho gukemura intandaro.
Karamoja ikeneye uburyo bwo gufata no kubika amazi y’imvura, kuhira imyaka hifashishijwe ingufu z’izuba, gukoresha imashini mu buhinzi no guhinga ibihingwa bihanganira amapfa. Hakenewe kandi serivisi z’abajyanama b’ubuhinzi bageza ku baturage ubumenyi ku mbuto nziza, kubungabunga ubutaka no kurwanya indwara z’imyaka n’amatungo.
Uganda ikeneye ibigega bigezweho byo guhunika umusaruro, uburyo bwo kuwumisha no kuwutunganya, ibyumba bikonjesha ibiribwa byangirika vuba n’imihanda myiza ihuza uturere tweza n’uturere dufite ibura ry’ibiribwa.
Amafaranga ava mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri Karamoja na yo akwiye kugira igice kigenerwa guteza imbere ako karere. Yashorwa mu kubaka amashuri, ibigo nderabuzima, imiyoboro y’amazi, kuhira imyaka, korora kijyambere no guhanga imirimo itari iyo gutwika amakara.
Inzego z’ibanze na zo zikeneye guhabwa amafaranga y’ingoboka zibasha gukoresha igihe amakuru y’ibanze agaragaje ko amapfa cyangwa inzara biri hafi. Gutegereza ko buri cyemezo gifatirwa i Kampala bishobora gutinza ubutabazi, mu gihe ikibazo cy’imirire mibi gikura umunsi ku wundi.
Ikibazo kireba akarere kose
Uganda si yo yonyine yugarijwe n’ibihe by’amapfa muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Abaturage babarirwa muri za miliyoni bo muri Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia na Sudani y’Epfo na bo bahura n’ibura ry’ibiribwa riterwa n’amapfa, imyuzure, intambara, izamuka ry’ibiciro n’igabanuka ry’imfashanyo.
Ibi bisobanuye ko hakenewe ubufatanye bw’ibihugu mu gucunga amazi, gusangira amakuru y’iteganyagihe, kurwanya iyangirika ry’ubutaka no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwimura ibiribwa mu bihugu cyangwa uturere dufite umusaruro mwinshi bikagezwa ahari ibura.
Isesengura rya IPC riteganya ko umusaruro ushobora gutuma ikibazo kigabanuka hagati ya Kanama 2026 na Gashyantare 2027. Ariko abantu bagera ku 352,000 bashobora gukomeza kuba ku rwego rukomeye rw’ibura ry’ibiribwa, cyane cyane muri Kaabong, Kotido, Karenga na Moroto.
Ikibazo cya Karamoja rero ntikigarukira ku kubura kw’imvura. Ni uruhurirane rw’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ubukene, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, ubujura bw’amatungo, ishoramari ridahagije, imicungire mibi y’umutungo n’intege nke mu kubika no gukwirakwiza ibiribwa.
Ibiribwa by’ubutabazi bizafasha kurokora ubuzima muri iki gihe. Ariko gukumira ko Karamoja yakongera gushyingura abantu bishwe n’inzara bizaterwa n’uko Uganda izashora mu mazi, ubuhinzi buhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ibikorwa remezo, uburezi, ubuzima n’imiyoborere ibazwa uko ikoresha umutungo w’abaturage.
Ibitekerezo