Amerika igiye kubaka umujyi ku kwezi
Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe iby’isanzure, NASA, cyashyize ahagaragara gahunda irambuye y’uko kizubaka ikigo gihoraho ku Kwezi, kikifashisha amarobo, indege zitagira abapilote (drones) n’imodoka zidasanzwe zizakora ibikorwa byo gutunganya no gutegura aho abantu bazatura.
Iyi gahunda iri mu mugambi mugari w’Amerika wo kongera kohereza abantu ku Kwezi no kuhagira ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi kizakoreshwa igihe kirekire. Mu masosiyete yatoranyijwe kugira uruhare muri uwo mushinga harimo n’ikigo cya Jeff Bezos kizwi nka Blue Origin.
Amerika irifuza ko Abanyamerika bazaba bamaze gusubira ku Kwezi mbere y’uko manda ya Perezida Donald Trump irangira mu mwaka wa 2029. Icyakora, iri mu marushanwa akomeye n’Ubushinwa, na bwo buri gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu mugambi wa bwo wo kohereza abantu ku Kwezi bitarenze umwaka wa 2030.
Mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru, Ubushinwa bwohereje icyogajuru cya Shenzhou-23 kijyanye itsinda ry’abajyanama b’ikirere ku kigo cya bwo cyo mu isanzure cya Tiangong Space Station, mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwagura ubushobozi bwabwo mu by’isanzure.
Muri Werurwe, NASA yatangaje umushinga ufite agaciro ka miliyari 20 z’amadolari y’Amerika wo kubaka ikigo gihoraho ku gice cy’amajyepfo y’Ukwezi bitarenze umwaka wa 2032. Biteganyijwe ko kizakoresha ingufu za nikleyeri n’izituruka ku mirasire y’izuba.
Umuyobozi wa NASA, Jared Isaacman, yavuze ko uyu mushinga ugamije gutuma Amerika idasubira inyuma mu rugendo rwo gushakisha no gukoresha amahirwe ari mu isanzure.
Iki kigo kizafasha mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, gushakisha umutungo ushobora kuba uri ku Kwezi no gutegura ingendo z’ahazaza zigana ku mubumbe wa Mars. Gusa bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko igihe NASA yihaye gishobora kuba kigoye kugerwaho.
Nubwo Amerika iherutse kohereza icyogajuru cya Artemis II kizengurutse Ukwezi, hari impungenge ko Ubushinwa bushobora kuzabanza kuhageza abantu mbere ya yo.
Umushakashatsi mu by’Ukwezi, Simeon Barber, yavuze ko bitamutungura na gato aramutse abonye Ubushinwa ari bwo bubanza kugera kuri iyo ntego, bitewe n’ibibazo NASA imaze igihe ihura na byo mu gutegura ibyogajuru bishobora kugeza abantu ku Kwezi mu buryo bwizewe.
Umushinga wa NASA witwa Ignition Moon Base ugizwe n’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi. Mbere yo kohereza abantu, NASA izabanza kohereza amarobo n’indege zitagira abapilote kugira ngo zikore ubushakashatsi ku butaka bw’Ukwezi no gukora amakarita agaragaza imiterere ya bwo.
Hazakoreshwa kandi imodoka zizafasha abajyanama b’ikirere kugenda ku butaka bw’Ukwezi no gutwara ibikoresho by’itumanaho n’iby’ubushakashatsi.
Mu cyumweru gishize, NASA yatangaje ko amasosiyete arimo Blue Origin, Intuitive Machines na Astrobotic yatsindiye amasoko yo gukora bimwe muri ibyo bikoresho.
NASA yizeye cyane icyogajuru cya Blue Origin cyitwa Endurance, gifite ubushobozi bwo kwigenzura no kwiyobora ubwacyo. Hari kandi robo yitwa Griffin-1 izamanuka hafi y’umwobo wa Nobile Crater mu majyepfo y’Ukwezi.
Ubushakashatsi bukozwe n’aya marobo buzageza mu mwaka wa 2029, bukaba buteganya gukora ingendo 25 no kugeza ku Kwezi ibikoresho bipima toni enye.
Nyuma ya ho, NASA izatangira kubaka ibikorwa remezo birimo sitasiyo zitanga ingufu za nikleyeri n’iz’imirasire y’izuba, ndetse n’ibikoresho bizafasha kubyaza umusaruro umutungo ushobora kuboneka ku Kwezi.
Biteganyijwe ko bitarenze mu 2032 abantu bazashobora gutura igihe kirekire muri ayo mazu azubakwa ku Kwezi, nubwo atazaba ari ubuturo buhoraho.
Igice cy’amajyepfo y’Ukwezi gifatwa nk’ingenzi cyane kuko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko kirimo urubura rushobora kuvamo amazi cyangwa umwuka wa oxygène ukenewe mu mibereho y’abantu.
Icyakora, intsinzi y’uyu mushinga izaterwa cyanen’ubushobozi bwo kubona icyogajuru gifite umutekano wo kugeza abantu ku Kwezi. Sosiyete SpaceX ya Elon Musk ni yo yahawe inshingano zo gukora icyogajuru cya Starship Human Landing System, ariko uyu mushinga umaze igihe uhura n’imbogamizi zitandukanye.
Simeon Barber yavuze ko ikintu gikomeye kandi kigoye kurusha ibindi ari ukumanura abantu ku butaka bw’Ukwezi amahoro. Yongeyeho ko hari abakeka ko inyuma y’iyi gahunda hanihishe inyungu za politiki, cyane cyane kubera igitutu Amerika ifite cyo kutarushwa n’Ubushinwa muri iri siganwa rishya ry’isanzure.
